中考复习定语从句语法讲义（含答案）.docxVIP

G9U9定语从句语法讲义——教师版 定语从句 1.?定义： 1)?在复合句中，担当定语功能，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。 2)?被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3)?引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词连接先行词与定语从句，并代替先行词在句中作一定的句子成分，分为关系代词和关系副词。 2.?构成：先行词+关系代词+定语从句。 3.?本次课主要讲解关系代词who，that，which引导的定语从句。 1) that?既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（作主语） The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.（作宾语） 2) which指物，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。which在定语从句中也可与介词“of”连用构成“of+which”短语作定语。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.（作主语） The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.?（作宾语） The classroom, the door of which is broken, will soon be repaired. (of which作定语) 3) who用于指人，在从句中可用作主语也可作宾语。例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.（作主语） This is the student who I always talk about.（作宾语） 注意： 1.当定语从句的引导词作介词的宾语，介词放在句末时，who, that, which?可省略。例如： She is the girl (that/who) you are looking for. Here is the box (that/which) you are looking for. 2.但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构，此时关系代词不能用that/who。如： This is the house in which we lived last year. The woman to whom she is talking is her mother. 3.?当先行词指物，以下几种情况只能用that，不能用which： 1)?先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little等不定代词时； 2)?先行词被序数词所修饰时； 3)?先行词被形容词最高级或有the only/ the very等修饰时； 4)?先行词既有人又有物时。 例如： Thats all that I know. The first thing that we should do is to make a plan. This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. She took photos of the things and people that she was interested in. 4. which引导的定语从句，以下几种情况只能用which，不能用that 1）关系代词which指代表示事物的先行词，在定语从句中用作主语、表语或者宾语。 如：The place which interested me most was the Childrens Palace.?最让我感兴趣的地方是少年宫。 2）非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去不影响主句的意思，并且常用逗号与主句分开，翻译时常译成并列的分句。非限制性定语从句缺主语、宾语或表语时只能用which不可以用that。 如：He wrote a book, which immediately became popular.?他写了一本书，这本书立即流行了。 3）关系代词前有介词时，指事物，应该用which。 如：This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.?这是鲁迅住过的房间。? 4）当先行词本身是that，指事物，关系代词应该用which。 如：The clock is that which tells the time.?这个钟能报时。 Can you remember the scientist a