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头花杜鹃和千里香杜鹃叶中挥发油的化学成分分析
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姚晶+杨扬+林鹏程
摘要:分析比较青海互助北山林场中头花杜鹃(Rhododendron capitatum Maxim.)和千里香杜鹃(Rhododendron thymifolium Maxim.)叶中挥发油的化学成分及异同。采用水蒸气蒸馏法对头花杜鹃和千里香杜鹃叶的挥发油进行气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,并结合Kovats保留指数对其主要成分进行定性分析。鉴定出头花杜鹃叶中40种挥发性化学成分,含量最高的分别是β-蒎烯(29.02%)、α-蒎烯(28.31%)、柠檬烯(7.45%)。千里香杜鹃叶中鉴定出24种挥发性化学成分,含量最高的分别是β-蒎烯(19.92%)、α-蒎烯(19.81%)、月桂烯(4.21%)。头花杜鹃和千里香杜鹃叶中的挥发油在成分构成上比较相似,但在相对含量上差异较大。
关键词:头花杜鹃(Rhododendron capitatum Maxim.);千里香杜鹃(Rhododendron thymifolium Maxim.);气质联用仪;Kovats保留指数
:TQ925:A:0439-8114(2014)09-2146-03
Volatile Components of Leaves of Rhododendron capitatum
and Rhododendron thymifolium
YAO Jing, YANG Yang, LIN Peng-cheng
(College of Life Science and Chemistry, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, Qinghai, China)
Abstract: The difference of volatile compounds between Rhododendron capitatum and Rhododendron thymifolium at national forest of Huzhu northern mountain in Qinghai province was compared. Using steam distillation, volatile components in Rhododendron capitatum and Rhododendron thymifolium were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combining with the Kovats retention indices(KI). 58 volatile compounds were identified in Rhododendron capitatum, and the contents of β-Pinene(29.02%), α-Pinene(28.31%)and Limonene(7.45%)were the highest. 24 volatile compounds were identified in Rhododendron thymifolium,and the contents of β-Pinene(19.92%), α-Pinene(19.81%)and Myrcene(4.21%) were the highest. The essential oil in leaves between two kinds of rhododendron had a similarity in chemical components but there was a high difference in relative contents.
Key words: Rhododendron capitatum Maxim; Rhododendron thymifolium Maxim; GC-MS; Kovats retention indices
头花杜鹃(Rhododendron capitatum Maxim.)为杜鹃花科杜鹃花属常绿灌木,高1.0~1.2 m。生于海拔3 000~4 300 m的高山阴坡灌木带,产于青海、甘肃、西藏等地[1]。民间用其叶和花入药。其叶祛寒、解毒;花滋补益肾,治疗寒症、干黄水、喉蛾疔毒等病。藏药塔丽那保主要成分为头花杜鹃的花和叶,用于治疗龙病、赤巴病、寒性培根病、肺病、咽喉肿痛、胃寒症等病症[2]。千里香杜鹃(Rhododendron thymifolium Maxim.)为杜鹃花科杜鹃花属常绿直立小灌木,高0.3~1.3 m。生于海拔2 400~4 8
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