Part_7分析和总结分析和总结.pdfVIP

New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-level Suggested Solutions for GCE Questions Part 7 Phase Equilibria (Book 2, p.296 – p.301) 17. (a) Pbenzene = 0.2 1 521 mm Hg = 304.2 mm Hg Pmethylbenzene = 0.8 570 = 456 mm Hg Total vapour pressure = 760.2 mm Hg 304.2 Mole fraction benzene in vapour phase = = 0.40 760.2 mole fraction methylbenzene in vapour phase = 1 – 0.40 = 0.60 When the mixture containing benzene and methylbenzene boils, the vapour becomes richer in benzene than the liquid mixture. In fractional distillation, repeated boiling and condensations in the fractionating column produce a vapour/liquid which is progressively richer in the more volatile component (benzene). Eventually the distillate at the top of the column will be pure benzene. (b) Benzene and methylbenzene forms an ideal mixture. Intermolecular forces of attraction between benzene and methylbenzene molecules in the mixture (i.e. Van der Waal ’s forces due to temporary dipoles-induced dipoles) are similar to those attractions between molecules in the pure liquids. Hence, energy evolved in formation of attractions between unlike molecules in the mixture compensates for the energy required to break the attractions between like molecules in the pure liquids Hmix is zero. If Hmix 0 (i.e. endothermic) Attractions between unlike molecules in mixture are weaker than attractions between molecules in pure liquids. Positive deviation from Raoult