Parts_10分析和总结分析和总结.pdfVIP

New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-level Suggested Solutions for GCE Questions Part 10 Periodic Properties of the Elements in the Periodic Table (Book 4, p.37 – p.38) 22. (a) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p Ge 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 2 2+ Sn 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 6 10 0 2 The two electrons in the 4 p orbital of Ge atom are more strongly attracted by the nucleus than the 5p electrons of the Sn atom. Sn can lose the 2 outermost p electrons to form 2+ Sn , but Ge cannot (The 4p is nearer to the nucleus than the 5p). (b) C forms a giant covalent molecule with strong covalent bonds binding an infinite number of carbon atoms together to give a 3-D network with a basic tetrahedral structure. very high melting point Sn forms a metallic lattice, with Sn atoms bounded together by metallic bonds weaker than the infinite no. of covalent bonds in the carbon macromolecule. Therefore, Sn has a much lower melting point. (c) PbO + 4HCl PbCl + Cl + 2H O 2 2 2 2 +2 oxidation state of Pb is more stable than +4. PbO (+4) oxidises HCl to Cl , itself reduced to PbCl (+2). 2 2 2 +4 oxidation state of Sn is more stable than +2. SnO (+4) does not oxidise HCl. 2 23. Electron affinity is the enthalpy change when one mole of electrons are added to one mole of gaseous atoms to form negatively charged gas