《自动飞行控制系统》课件10-17 典型飞行控制系统分析1.pptVIP

第五章 典型飞行控制系统分析 5.1 概述 5.2 阻尼器与增稳系统 5.3 控制增稳系统 5.4飞机的姿态控制系统 5.5 飞机的轨迹控制系统 5.6 空速和马赫数的保持与控制 5.1 概述 典型飞行控制系统的构成：舵回路、稳定回路和控制回路 舵回路：改善舵机的性能以满足飞行控制系统的要求，通常将舵机的输出信号反馈到输入端形成负反馈回路的随动系统。 舵回路的组成：舵机、反馈部件、放大器。 5.1 概述 自动驾驶仪：测量部件测量的是飞机的飞行姿态信息，则姿态测量部件+舵回路=自动驾驶仪。 稳定回路：自动驾驶仪+被控对象 稳定回路。 稳定回路作用：稳定和控制飞机姿态。 5.1 概述 An autopilot is a system used to control the trajectory of a vehicle without constant hands-on control by a human operator being required. Autopilots do not replace a human operator, but assist them in controlling the vehicle, allowing them to focus on broader aspects of operation, such as monitoring the trajectory, weather and systems. Autopilots are used in aircraft, boats (known as self-steering gear), spacecraft, missiles, and others. Autopilots have evolved significantly over time, from early autopilots that merely held an attitude to modern autopilots capable of performing automated landings under the supervision of a pilot. In the early days of aviation, aircraft required the continuous attention of a pilot in order to fly safely. As aircraft range increased allowing flights of many hours, the constant attention led to serious fatigue. An autopilot is designed to perform some of the tasks of the pilot. The first aircraft autopilot was developed by Sperry Corporation in 1912. The autopilot connected a gyroscopic heading indicator and attitude indicator to hydraulically operated elevators and rudder (ailerons were not connected as wing dihedral was counted upon to produce the necessary roll stability.) It permitted the aircraft to fly straight and level on a compass course without a pilots attention, greatly reducing the pilots workload. 5.1 概述 控制（制导）回路：稳定回路+飞机重心位置测量部件+描述飞机空间位置几何关系的运动学环节 控制（制导）回路。 控制（制导）回路作用：稳定和控制飞机的运动轨迹。 5.1 概述 典型的飞行控制系统包括以下几个基本部分： 测量部件：是信息源，用来测量飞行控制所需要的飞机运动参数。 信号处理部件：将测量部件的测量信号加以处理，形成符合控制要求的信号和飞行自动控制规律。 放大部件：将信号处理部件的输出信号进行必要的放大处理，以驱动执行机构。 执行机构：根据放大部件的输出信号驱动舵面偏转。 5.2 阻尼器与增稳系统 随着飞行速度和高度变化范围（飞行包线）的不断扩大，飞机的性能也急剧变坏 例如，随着飞行高度的增加，空气越来越稀薄，从而导致飞