The pathway of glycolysis(糖酵解英文版).docxVIP

The pathway of glycolysis The major fuel of most organisms,under a condition which is lack of O2 ,the whole pathway is formed by 10 steps include the citric acid cycle.There are ten enzymes catalyze the ten reactions of glycolysis.The whole pathway of glycolysis was elucidated by the 1940s when Gustav Embden and Otto Meyerhof, come from German, studied muscle and its extracts. There are ten important enzymes in this reaction, they are hexokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, PFK-1 which is short for phosphofructokinase-1, aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase. The glycolysis start with glucose under the condition lacking or without O2 , glucose would be catalyzed by hexokinase,and glucose would be transformed in glucose-6-phosphate and this process is drived by ATP in a same amount with glucose.Then glucose-6-phosphate would be catalyzed by phosphoglucose isomerase without consuming any ATP,and was transformed into fructose-6- phosphate. PFK-1, which is short for phosphofructokinase-1,is the main enzyme in the next step of transforming fructose-6- phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate,it will comsume ATP same with the first step. Then fructose-1,6-bisphosphate would be catalyzed by aldolase,glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone-phosphate in same amount would be produced. Only glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate can take part in the next steps of glycolysis in animals and human’s cell, so dihydroxyacetone-phosphate would be transformed into glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate catalyzed by triose phosphate isomerase. So 1 mol glucose would be transformed into 2 mol glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate.This is the first stage of glycosis which would consume 2 mol ATP without producing any energy.But the next stage will be a producing stage. In this stage, glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate would be catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate