医学微生物学课件：逆转录病毒.ppt

三． Lab diagnosis HIV isolation： HIV Ag detection p24（+） （ELISA）：indicate HIV replication, prognosis HIV nucleic acid detection early diagnosis/infants and new born diagnosis/drug evaluation Ab detection： ELISA Western Blot ——confirmation Acute infection AIDS HIV and AIDS Viral load predicts survival time 五．Prevention and treatment 1． prevention： Education led to leveling off of rate of increase in AIDS vaccine ：variation, integration… 2． treatment： AZT—— reverse transcriptase inhibitor early use HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy, combinations of antiretroviral drugs, 鸡尾酒法) has greatly slowed death rate Possible treatments Anti-HIV Strategies Highly Active Anti- Retroviral Therapy HAART: Two nucleoside analog RT inhibitors and 1 protease inhibitor 复习参考 1. 逆转录病毒的共性 2. HIV的形态特点、复制过程 3. HIV的致病机制、临床分期及其特点 4. HIV的实验室检查 5. 防治原则 名词解释： HAART，receptor of HIV co-receptor of HIV, provirus * * The establishment that the disease is caused by a virus and therefore the ability to produce antibodies against viral antigens led to the first tests for HIV, the ELIZA and Western blot tests. However, there is a 1 to 2 month time lag before antibodies are produced. This can be overcome by using a test that identifies viral RNA rather than antibodies produced against viral protein e.g PCR. The very fact that we can use an antibody test shows us that there is a good immune response and it is neutralizing antibody which gives hope for a vaccine. But the virus is not completely neutralized which argues that a vaccine may be difficult to develop. The virus goes underground within the cells and because it is a retrovirus, is prone to genetic drift. As it changes it overcomes the immune system. As we shall see retroviral vaccines pose special problems and HIV is more complicated than other retroviruses * Human HeLa cells are not infected by HIV because they do not have CD4 antigen. When CD4 gene