《药理学》 第三篇中枢神经系统药理学概论(五年制).pptxVIP

中枢神经系统药理学概论;Cognitive processing ; therapeutic effects adverse reaction ;Neurotransmitter;Amino Acids;Biogenic Amines;Serotonin (5-HT)*;Delirium is a general term that refers to disorders of cognitive processing, and one of the manifestations of schizophrenia is impaired cognitive processing. Drugs that affect cognitive processing include antipsychotics, CNS stimulants and sedative-hypnotics. ;Memory is the ability to recall events and integrate them into cognitive processing, emotional processing, and ongoing motor activities. One form of memory, called procedural memory, is used to recall a set of practiced motor actions (e.g., riding a bicycle or typing on a keyboard) and it involves the interaction of limbic structures, the cerebellum, and the basal ganglia. Another form of memory, called declarative memory, involves thoughts and associations that may be used to determine future actions. For example, remembering that touching a hot stove is painful may keep a child from playing near the stove in the future, and remembering that a family members birthday is approaching may trigger activities such as planning a dinner party. Declarative memory involves neuronal tracts in the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and neocortex. ;Dementia is a term used to describe a number of memory disorders, including Alzheimers disease. The involvement of the basal ganglia in procedural memory may explain why some patients with Parkinsons disease have difficulties with practiced motor actions. Drugs that affect memory include the cholinesterase inhibitors and CNS depressants such as the benzodiazepines ;Emotional processing is responsible for the generation of emotions such as anger, anxiety, fear, happiness, love, and sadness. These emotions represent the conscious perception of neuronal activity originating in the limbic system. Emotions contribute to a state of mental preparedness for anticipated future activities. For example, anxiety contributes to a state of heightened