alkanesandalkenes烷烃和烯烃学习.pptxVIP

Because the main use of hydrocarbons is as a fuel there is no point in going to the effort to separate them into individual hydrocarbons. It is, however, possible to obtain pure hydrocarbons by very careful distillation. This section is about pure hydrocarbons.;Carbon is an unusual atom in that it is able to form very strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms. When we then include its ability to also bond with other elements we open up the possibility of the highly diverse and complex molecules (like DNA) that have led to the possibility of life. Because of this, the chemistry of carbon containing compounds is often called organic chemistry. ;The simplest hydrocarbons form a series of compounds known as alkanes. These all consist of carbon and hydrogen only and every carbon has four single covalent bonds.;The names of the 4 simplest alkanes are methane, ethane, propane and butane. After that the names are systematic (like the words used to describe geometric shapes). E.g. 5 carbons = pentane C5H12 6 carbons = hexane C6H14 7 carbons = heptane C7H16 8 carbons = octane C8H18 9 carbons = nonane C9H20 10 carbons = decane C10H22;Alkanes all have very similar structures. They all consist of carbon and hydrogen only and every carbon has four single covalent bonds. They have a CH3 at each end of the molecule. What differs is the number of CH2 groups between the two ends. It is possible to build up a series by simply adding an extra CH2 group This leads to a general formula of CnH2n+2;What will be the formula for alkanes containing the following numbers of carbons? ;Although normal chemical formula - like C5H12 - are used to describe alkanes, they do not convey which atom is joined to which other atom. To get around this we often used displayed formulae to describe organic molecules. Displayed formulae show which 4 atoms each carbon is bonded to, but even these do not show the actual 3D shapes. For that we use models.;C;butane, C4H10;C;Alkanes of the same formula c