儿科学英文课件：16 measles.pptVIP

Diagnosis Epidemiologic data Clinical data Laboratory data Diagnosis ---Epidemiologic data Age Season History of contact with patient History of inoculation Diagnosis ---Clinical data Prodromal period Convalescent period Koplik’s spots Typical rash Correlation of rash and fever Catarrh Branny desquamation Brownish discoloration Exanthem period Diagnosis ---Laboratory data Multinucleated giant cells Testing of specific IgM in serum The diagnosis is usually made from the characteristic clinical picture, laboratory confirmation is rarely needed. Differential diagnosis Rubella Roseola infantum Differential diagnosis Differential diagnosis Prevention Control of sources of infections The susceptible contacts will be isolated for clinical observation for 3 weeks after exposure. Quarantine period Abrupt the ways of transmission Sterilize ward Prevention Control of sources of infections Abrupt the ways of transmission Protect the susceptible passive immunization active immunization Prevention Post-exposure prophylaxis by immune globulin can prevent or modify measles in susceptible contacts To be effective, it must be given within 5 days after exposure ---Passive immunization Immune globulin can be given intramuscularly at a dose of 0.25ml/kg For immunocompromised individuals the dose is 0.5ml/kg Measles Vaccine Composition : attenuated live virus Efficacy : 95% (range, 90%-98%) Schedule: 2 doses， decided by the susceptible groups in different regions Prevention --- Active immunization 2 doses starting at age 8 months, then at age 7 years Pregnant women Children with immunodeficiency Children with untreated tuberculosis Cancer patients Organ transplantation receptor Children with long term immunosuppressive therapy Prevention ---Contraindication: Treatment Antipyretics for fever Bed rest Maintenance of an adequate fluid intake Good nutriti