WorleyParsons 沃利帕森斯设计指南 KS-PR-DEG-0127 Fired Heaters Design Guide.pdf

Fired Heaters Design Guide Document No: KS-PR-DEG-0127 Rev 0 01 December 2019 © Copyright 2019 Worley ACN 096 090 158. No part of this document or the information it contains may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Worley. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Scope 3 3. Fired Heater Design 3 3.1 Heater Type and Service 3 3.2 Combustion Side Considerations 4 3.3 Heater Tubes 6 3.4 Forced, Balanced, or Natural Draft 7 3.5 Basic Heater Process Control 8 3.6 Burner Management Systems (BMS) 8 3.7 Convection section and stacks 8 3.8 Utilities 9 3.9 Considerations in Heater Revamps and Re-purposing 9 3.10 Over design (how much is OK and why not to give too much) 10 3.11 Defining design Temperatures and Pressures 10 3.12 Pressure Drop, Mass Velocities and Flux 10 3.13 Physical properties 13 3.14 Define (FEED) versus Design (Detailed Engineering) 13 3.15 Special Considerations 14 4. Troubleshooting Basis 14 4.1 Why are my tubes too hot? 14 4.2 Why do I have flame impingement? Irregular flames? No flame? 15 4.3 Where did my draft go? Air leaks? 16 4.4 Two Phase Flow Problems? 17 4.5 Flames in Convection Section 18 4.6 CO and NOx out of control 18 4.7 Intermediate Tube Support Failure 18 4.8 Flow imbalance in multi pass heaters 19 5. Definitions 20 6. References 20 Appendices Appendix A. Examples of Cylindrical and Cabin Direct Fired Heaters (GPSA FIG. 8 -19) Fired Heaters Design Guide