《无机化学》课件-3_Chapter-1Introduction-lecture1.ppt

IntroductionChapter 1Lecture 1 —The science that deals with the structure and behavior of matter.—The study of matter, the properties of matter, the changes that matter undergoes, the energy associated with these changes.1. What’s Chemistry ? The Central Theme in ChemistryUnderstanding the properties of a substance and the changes it undergoes leads to the central theme in chemistry: macroscopic properties and behavior, those we can see, are the results of submicroscopic properties and behavior that we cannot see. We study observable changes in matter to understand their unobservable causes. Organic: carbonInorganic: non-carbonOrganometallic: Organic + InorganicAnalytical: What?, How much?, How pure?Biological / Biochemistry: living organismsPhysical: energy, changes, ratesNuclear: the nucleusEnvironmental: interdisciplinary, e.g. Oceanography(海洋学)2. Sub-Categories of Chemistry Chemistry has a rich, colorful history. Even some concepts and discoveries that led temporarily along confusing paths have contributed to the heritage of chemistry. The early breakthroughs and false directions provides some insight into how modern chemistry arose and how science progresses.Chemistry has its origin in a prescientific past that incorporated three overlapping traditions: alchemy, medicine, and technology3. The Origins of Chemistry Alchemy tradition: The occult study of nature practised in the 1st century AD((Anno Domini, 公元)) by Greeks living in northern Egypt later became known by the Arabic name alchemy. Its practice spread through the Near East and into Europe, where it dominated Western thinking about matter for more than 1500 years! Alchemists were influenced by the Greek idea that matter naturally strives towards perfection, and they searched for ways to change less valued substances into precious ones. What started as a search for spiritual properties in matter evolved over a thousand years into an obsession(困扰) with potions to bestow eternal youth and elixirs(不老