《数学建模算法与应用》(第三版)课件 第5章 插值与拟合.pptx

第5章;目录 CONTENTS;插值方法;5.1.1 一维插值;2.利用待定系数法确定插值多项式;clc, clear x0=[1:6]; y0=[16, 18, 21, 17, 15, 12]; A=vander(x0), p=A\y0 x=[1.5, 2.6]; yh=polyval(p,x) %求估计值;3.拉格朗日插值方法;function y=lagrange(x0,y0,x); n=length(x0);m=length(x); for i=1:m z=x(i); s=0.0; for k=1:n p=1.0; for j=1:n if j~=k p=p*(z-x0(j))/(x0(k)-x0(j)); end end s=p*y0(k)+s; end y(i)=s; end end;调用Lagrange插值函数的程序如下： clc, clear x0=[1:6]; y0=[16, 18, 21, 17, 15, 12]; x=[1.5, 2.6]; yh=lagrange(x0,y0,x) %求估计值;4.牛顿（Newton）插值;5.分段线性插值;clc, clear, close all, global yx x yx=@(x)1./(1+x.^2); x=linspace(-5,5,100); set(gca,FontSize,15); hold on, fun(6,1),fun(8,2),fun(10,3) fplot(yx,[-5,5],LineWidth,1.5) legend({$n=6$,$n=8$,$n=10$,$y=1/(1+x^2)$},... Interpreter,Latex,Location,north) function fun(n,i) global yx x s = {--*k, -.k, -pk}; x0=linspace(-5,5,n+1); y0=yx(x0); y=lagrange(x0,y0,x); plot(x,y,s{i}) end;6.三次样条插值;5.1.2 二维插值;1.网格节点插值法;2.散乱数据插值法;MATLAB一维插值及应用;5.2.1 MATLAB一维插值函数;2.函数griddedInterpolant;3.三次样条插值函数csape;5.2.2 一维插值应用;解 编写以下程序： clc, clear, close all x0=[0 3 5 7 9 11 12 13 14 15]; y0=[0 1.2 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.2 1.0 1.6]; x=0:0.1:15; y1=lagrange(x0,y0,x); %拉格朗日插值 y2=interp1(x0,y0,x); %分段线性插值 y3=interp1(x0,y0,x,spline); %三次样条插值 pp4=csape(x0,y0); y4=fnval(pp4,x); %三次样条插值 yx5=griddedInterpolant(x0,y0,spline) %三次样条插值 y5=yx5(x); [y1,y2,y3,y4,y5] %五种插值函数比较 subplot(1,3,1), plot(x,y1), title(朗格朗日插值) subplot(1,3,2), plot(x,y2), title(分段线性插值) subplot(1,3,3), plot(x,y3), title(三次样条插值) dx=diff(x); dy=diff(y3); dy_dx=dy./dx; dy_dx0=dy_dx(1) ytemp=y3(131:151); ymin=min(ytemp); index=find(y3==ymin); xmin=x(index); [xmin,ymin];clc, clear, format long g t0=0.15:0.01:0.18; v0=[3.5 1.5 2.5 2.8]; pp=csape(t0,v0) %默认的边界条件，Lagrange边界条件 xishu=pp.coefs %显示每个区间上三次多项式的系数 s1=integral(@(t)fnval(pp,t),0.15,0.18) %求积分 vt=griddedInterpolant(t0,v0,spline) %求三次插值样条 s2=integral(@(t)vt(t),0.15,0.18) %求积分 format %恢复短小数的显示格式;clc, c