药理学教学课件：Chapter 15 Sedative-Hypnotics.pptVIP

Chapter 15 Sedative-Hypnotics Definition : Drugs which can selectively inhibit CNS and cause sedation and hypnosis . Classifications: I. Benzodiazepines： Diazepam 、Chlordiazepoxide、 Triazolam II. Barbiturates： Phenobarbital、Amobarbital 、 Sodium pentothal III. Others： Chloral hydrate Wake  FWS, REM SWS, NREM (20％～25％)The physiological significance of sleep People must study and work in the wake - a clear head , high efficiency The body must have sufficient sleep —— to relief the body from fatigue , get rest.Maintain and promote the development of brain function . Get consolidation of memory and ensure the best brain functions.Promote the growth of the body, resist agingEnhance the bodys immune function Sedative-HypnoticsInhibit CNS in a dose-dependent mannerLow dose : Relief patients’ irritability sedationSuitable increment : Induce sleep. → deepen and extend the role of hypnosis .Large dose： Deepen central inhibition → anticonvulsant 、anesthesia. Poisoning dose : → central inhibition death. Benzodiazepines ( BZ) Categories Long-acting： Diazepam （T1/2 20-80 hr） Chlordiazepoxide （T1/2 15-40 hr） Middle-acting： Oxazepam （T1/2 10-20 hr） Short-acting： Triazolam （T1/2 2-3 hr） Advantages： Effective, safe, fewer side effects Diazepam Oxazepam Triazolam 【The In Vivo Process】 Absorbed quickly, such as diazapam , etc. The speed of absorption and the extent of plasma binding are in equilibrium with liposolubility .Metabolized to a range of active substances by liver drug enzyme , t 1 / 2 longer than the mother nuclide . Long-ac