印度西部干旱地区小型、孤立老虎（Pantheratigristigris）种群的人口统计.pdfVIP

Sadhu et al. BMC Zoology (2017) 2:16 BMC Zoology DOI 10.1186/s40850-017-0025-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Demography of a small, isolated tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) population in a semi- arid region of western India 1 1,4 2 3 Ayan Sadhu , Peter Prem Chakravarthi Jayam , Qamar Qureshi , Raghuvir Singh Shekhawat , Sudarshan Sharma3 and Yadvendradev Vikramsinh Jhala1* Abstract Background: Tiger populations have declined globally due to poaching, prey depletion, and habitat loss. The westernmost tiger population of Ranthambhore in India is typified by bottlenecks, small size, and isolation; problems that plague many large carnivore populations worldwide. Such populations are likely to have depressed demographic parameters and are vulnerable to extinction due to demographic and environmental stochasticity. We used a combination of techniques that included radio telemetry, camera traps, direct observations, and photo documentation to obtain 3492 observations on 97 individually known tigers in Ranthambhore between 2006 and 2014 to estimate demographic parameters. We estimated tiger density from systematic camera trap sampling using spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) framework and subsequently compared model inferred density with near actual density. Results: SECR tiger density was same as actual density and recovered from 4.6 (SE 1.19) to 7.5 (SE 1.25) tigers/100km2 over the years. Male: female ratio was 0.76 (SE 0.07), and cub: adult tigress ratio at 0.48 (SE 0.12). Average litter size was estimated at 2.24 (SE 0.14). Male recruitment from cub to sub-adult stage (77.8%, SE 2.2) was higher than tha