基因表达的调控.pptVIP

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  • 2023-11-30 发布于境外
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;But not all genes are expressed in all cells all the time;E.coli genome 4.6?106bp, 4288 ORF. Detail analysis of protein in E.coli has shown that for more than 107 polypeptide chains per cell, then each polypeptide chain should had 2300 copies per cell.;基因表达的时间特异性(temporal specificity): 是指特定基因的表达严格按照特定的时间顺序发生,以 适应细胞或个体特定分化、发育阶段的需要。 又称为阶段特异性。 ;6.1 原核生物与真核生物基因在表达调控机制 具有惊人的相似性;结构改变;Gene Expression is regulation at a number of distinct levels;constitutive expression;6.2 转录水平上的调控是最为经济、灵活, 又是最为重要、复杂的调控 ;6.3 原核生物基因表达调控的理论与模式;6.3.1 transcriptional level control;;大肠杆菌乳糖操纵子 ;Promoter Operator ;operon control type:Negative Positive;● Repressor binding on O site;Model:模型;原核基因调控机制的类型和特点;在正调控系统中,调节基因的产物是激活蛋白。可以根据激活蛋白的性质分为正控诱导系统和正控阻遏系统。 正控诱导系统中,效应物分子的存在使激活蛋白处于活性状态; 正控阻遏系统中,效应物分子的存在使激活蛋白处于非活性状态。;;没有调节蛋白时操纵元内结构基因是表达的,而加入调节蛋白后结构基因的表达活性被关闭,这种调节称为负调节。;3’;Positive regulation :a transcription factor is required to bind at the promoter in order to enable RNA polymerase to initiate transcription. 正调控:转录因子结合在启动子位点,是RNA聚合酶能够起始转录所需要的。;3’;Repressor: is a protein that inhibits expression of a gene. It may act to prevent transcription by binding to an operator site in DNA, or to prevent translation by binding to RNA. 阻遏蛋白:抑制基因表达的蛋白质,通过结合在DNA的操纵子位点上而阻止转录;或结合在RNA分子上而阻止翻译。;Induction refers to switching on transcription as a result of interaction of the inducer with the regulator protein. 诱导:通过诱导分子与调节蛋白的相互作用而起始转录的过程。;Inducer is a small signal molecule that triggers gene transcription by binding to a regulator protein. 诱导物是通过与调节蛋白结合而触发基因转录的小分子。;降解物对基因活性???影响; 6.3.1.1 乳糖操纵子和负控诱导系统;;;如果乳糖操纵子是被抑制的,没有透性酶将乳糖带到细胞中,没有β-半乳糖苷酶催化反应的发生,乳糖是如何代谢生成异乳糖的?;When transcription is in the “off” state, a basal level of gene expression nearly always remains, often averaging one transcriptional event or fewer per cell generation; hence “off” really means that there is very little synthesis of the gene product. 当转录处于关闭状态时,几乎总是保持一个本底水平的基因表达,在每个细胞世代中,通常只有一个或少数几个转录事件的发生;因此,关闭的真正含义是指有较少基因产物的合成。;The basal lev

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