阅读理解专项练习--高考英语一轮复习.docx

阅读理解专项练习

（一）

InthewarmwatersoftheCaribbean，boxjellyfishcarefullydodgetherootsofmangroveswhilehuntingforfood.Whetherthewaterisclearornot，thetinycreaturesavoidbumpingintotheroots.Buthowdotheyfigureouthowtoswimaroundtheroots，evenwhenlowwaterqualitymakesthemdifficulttoseewithsimpleeyesandlackofacentralnervoussystem.“Theanswerwas，theycanlearnthis，”saysAndersGarm，abiologistattheUniversityofCopenhagen．

Tobetterunderstandtheboxjellieslearningabilities，scientistsconductedsomeexperiments.Theresearcherslinedtheinsideofabucketwithimagesofalternatingverticalstripes.Inonescenario，thestripeswerehigh-contrastblackandwhite，whichwasdesignedtoresemblemangroverootsinclearwater.Inanother，thestripesweregrayandwhite，whichwasmeanttoresembletherootsinmurkywater．

Asexpected，inthebucketwiththehighcontrast，thejellieseasilyavoidedcollidingwiththewall.Inthemurkywater，however，thecreaturesinitiallybumpedintothewall.Butittooklessthaneightminutesforthemtoadjusttheirbehavior.Inafinalscenario，theyplacedthejellyfishintoabucketwithjustagraywall.Thecreaturesrepeatedlycollidedwiththewallandneverchangedtheirbehavior．

“Itwasonlywhentheyhadacombinationofvisualandmechanicalstimulationthattheywouldactuallylearnsomething，”saysJanBielecki，anauthoroftheexperiments．

Next，theteamremovedtherhopalia-fourcentersofvision-fromthejellyfishandputtheminadish.Theygavethecellsasmallelectricalpulsetosimulatethejellyfishbumpingintoamangroverootwhileexposingthemtostripedimages.Injustaboutfiveminutes，thecellsappearedtomaketheconnectionbetweenthetwooccurrencesandbegansendingsignalsthatwouldcauseajellyfishtoswimintheoppositedirection．

Basedontheresultsoftheexperiments，scientistsbelievetherhopaliaarewherelearningh