《普通微生物学》第3章 真核生物的形态和构造-教学课件（非AI生成）.ppt

锁状联合clampconnection在细胞的两核之间生出一个喙状突起，双核中的一个移入喙状突起，另一个仍留在细胞下部。两异质核同时分裂，成为4个子核。分裂完成后，原位于喙基部的一子核与原位于细胞中的一子核移至细胞上部配对；另外两子核，一个进入喙突中，一个留在细胞下部。此时细胞中部和喙基部均生出横隔，将原细胞分成三部分。上部是双核细胞，下部和喙突部暂为两单核细胞。此后，喙突尖端继续下延与细胞下部接触并融通。同时喙突中的核进入下部细胞内，使细胞下部也成为双核。经如上变化后，4个子核分成2对，一个双核细胞分裂为两个。此过程结束后，在两细胞分融处残留一个喙状结构，即锁状联合。*Comparisonoftheyeast80Sribosomeintwodifferentconformations,andpositionsoftheintersubunitbridges.The80SeEF2sordarincomplex(A,B)iscomparedtothePOST80Sribosome(Spahnetal,2001a)(C,D).Thetwomapswerecomputationallyalignedattheirrespective60Ssubunits(seetext).The40Ssubunitsinyellow(A,C)andthe60Ssubunitsinblue(B,D)areshownfromtheirintersubunitsides.Intersubunitbridgesarecolor-coded.Bridgesthatarepreservedinbothstructuresarepaintedgreen,thosethatareformedbydifferentcomponentsarepaintedred,andthosethatarespecificforoneoftheconformationsarepaintedpink.Thedashedregistrationlinesintersectatbridgeb2c,thecenterofrotationfortheRSR.Arrows(B)indicatetheinwardmovementsoftheL1protuberanceandthestalkregion.*Theyeast,Saccharomycescerevisiae,isasingle-celledfunguswhichexercisesdevelopmentaloptionsattheG1stageofitscelldivisioncycle.?Starvationofyeastfornutrientsarreststhemassmall,unbuddedcellsinearlyG1phase.AdditionofnutrientstoearlyG1-arrestedcellsallowsthemtobegingrowing.Ifhaploidcellsachieveacriticalsizeandarenotexposedtomatingpheromone,theycommittoacompletecellcycle.BudemergencecorrespondstothetimeofSphaseinitiation.However,ifhaploidcellsareexposedtocellsoftheoppositematingtype,theyarrestinlateG1phase,directingtheirgrowthtowardthesourceofmatingpheromoneinadevelopmentalprocessknownasshmooing.Thus,atG1phase,nutrientscanbeseenasapositivegrowthanddivisionfactorandmatingpheromonecanbeseenasanegativeandoverridingcell-divis