组胚学英文版Nervous-Tissue.pptVIP

NervousTissue

Ⅰ.GeneralCharacteristicsA.Madeupof2typesofcells:neurons--structuralandfunctionalunit;neuroglia--supporting,protectingandnourishingneurons.

B.Neurons①Uniqueprocesses;②Formingsynapses;③Conductingimpulses.C.Makingupnervoussystem:CNS--brainandspinalcord;PNS--ganglia,nerves.D.Function:integratingandcoordinatingbodyactivities.

A.Cellbody:metabolic,tropicandintegralcenter1.Nucleuslarge,spherical,andpale-staining;aprominentnucleolus.

a.NisslbodiesBasophilicparticles,RER+freeribosomes,Indicatingactiveproteinsynthesis.

2.Perikaryon--perinuclearcytoplasm

ContainingNisslbodies;Receivinginformationandconductingittoparentcellbody.

2.AxonOneaxoneachneuron;Longandthin,doesnotbranchprofusely;

C.Classification1.AccordingtonumberofprocessesPseudounipolar:foundinspinalganglia;Bipolar:presentincochlearandvestibularganglia,retina,olfactory,etc;Multipolor:majorityofneurons.

2.AccordingtofunctionSensoryorafferent;Motororefferent;Interneurons:accountfor99%ofneuronsinthebody.

3.AccordingtoneurotransmitterreleasedCholinergic:acetylcholine(Ach);Aminergic:norepinephrine(NE),DA,5-HT;Peptidergic:polypeptidessuchassubstanceP,vasopressin,etc.

III.SynapsesA.Definition:Junctionbetweentwoneuronsorbetweenaneuronandaneffectercellspecializedfortransmissionofimpulses.

Ultrastructuremodelofsynapses

C.StructureofchemicalsynapsesSynapticboutonsPresynapticelementSynapticcleftPostsynapticelement

1.Presynapticelement(terminal)Usuallyaxonterminal;Synapticvesicles,Mit,SER;

Clearvesicles–Ach;densecorevesicles–Amines,peptidesDenseprojections

2.SynapticcleftExtracellularspacebetweenpre-andpostsynapticmembranes.3.PostsynapticelementUsuallydendrite(orspine)orcellbody;Postsynapticmembranethickened(typeI,typeII);Rece