关于玉米胚乳细胞发育的研究.docVIP

  关于玉米胚乳细胞发育的研究# 王忠，顾蕴洁，王慧慧，李栋梁，郑彦坤，张春良* （扬州大学生物科学与技术学院，江苏 扬州 225009） 5 10 15 摘要：玉米胚乳细胞的发育状况决定着籽粒的重量和品质。本试验用光镜和电镜观察了玉米 胚乳细胞发育过程中的结构变化，得到如下结果：(1)玉米初生胚乳组织纵切面似瓢形。瓢 柄与反足细胞组成的胚乳吸器插入珠心组织。(2)玉米珠心组织的寿命较长，要到授粉后 10 d 时才全部消亡。珠心组织对初期胚乳的哺育起着重要的作用。(3)胚乳的质地与淀粉体的充 实有关。处在颖果中上部周缘的胚乳淀粉体充实好，呈多面体形，使胚乳成为角质；处在胚 乳中央部的淀粉体充实差，呈球形，使胚乳成为粉质。(4)内胚乳细胞在发育过程中出现核 形变和衰亡等现象。在核形变和衰亡过程中淀粉体仍能生长。(5)胚乳传递细胞发育有明显 的时空性：靠基部维管束的胚乳表层细胞最先分化成传递细胞，然后依次向内分化；传递细 胞壁加厚和壁内突发育的程度由表层向内依次降低；(6)玉米胚乳有 1～2 层糊粉层。糊粉层 的细胞核在颖果的发育的过程中不衰亡。(7)胚旁细胞随着胚的生长依次消亡，最终胚旁细 胞部位被胚占有。(8)糊粉层和有色层的形成与 “灌浆废物”分别在胞乳表层细胞和珠心突起 细胞中的积聚有关。玉米胚乳转移细胞及其珠心细胞积聚“灌浆废物”较多，使颖果基部产生 黑色层。 关键词：植物学；玉米；内胚乳细胞；胚乳传递细胞；糊粉层细胞；胚旁细胞；淀粉体 中图分类号：944.46 20 Investigation of the Maize Endosperm Cell Development Wang Zhong, Gu Yunjie, Wang Huihui, Li Dongliang, Zheng Yankun, Zhang Chunliang (College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, JiangSu YangZhou 225009) 25 30 35 40 45 Abstract: Development of maize endosperm cell determines seed weight and quality. In this paper, structure changes of maize endosperm cells during the development are observed under light and electron microscopes. The experimental results are as follows: (1) The longitudinal initial endosperm tissues have a gourd shape. Endosperm absorbing apparatus consisted of the stipe and antipodal cells inserts nucellar tissues. (2) Maize nucellar tissues have a longer life-span, and degenerate entirely at 10 days after pollination. Nucellar tissues play an important part in nurture of initial endosperm. (3) Endosperm quality is related to amyloplast filling. Endosperm amyloplasts in middle and upper caryopsis surrounding edge are filled well, have a polyhedron shape, and make endosperm horniness; amyloplasts in center endosperm are filled badly, have a spheric shape, and make endosperm powder. (4) During the starchy endosperm cell development, there are nuclear distorting, degenerating and et al. phenomena. Amyloplasts still grow when nuclei distort and degenerate. (5) Endosperm transfer cell development has obvious time