两种酵母对“红富士”苹果采后病害作用效果的比较.docVIP

  两种酵母对“红富士”苹果采后病害作用效 果的比较# 程雷，潘磊庆，苏晶，詹歌，赵秀洁，屠康** 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 （农业部农畜产品加工与质量控制重点开放实验室，南京农业大学食品科技学院，江苏南京 210095） 摘要：以“红富士”(Red Fuji)苹果为试材，探讨比较季也蒙毕赤酵母(Pichia guilliermondii) 和罗伦隐球酵母(Cryptococcus laurentii)对“红富士”苹果采后贮藏青霉病、灰霉病、炭疽病 的抑制效果及对其可能的抑菌机理。测定了酵母处理后五天内多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物 酶(POD)、木质素、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化，并用扫描电镜观 察伤口处酵母与病原菌菌丝相互作用，发现 1 × 108 CFU/mL 浓度的两种拮抗酵母悬液均 能有效的抑制“红富士”苹果采后三种病害，而且诱导果实抗病性的增强。同时，C. laurentii 对三种病害抑制效果优于 P. guilliermondii，差异性显著(P ≤ 0.05)。 关键词：“红富士”苹果；罗伦隐球酵母；季也蒙毕赤酵母 中图分类号：TS205.9 Effects of Two Kinds of Yeast on The Postharvest Diseases of‘Red Fuji’Apples CHENG Lei, PAN Leiqing, SU Jing, ZHAN Ge, ZHAO Xiujie, TU Kang (College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 China) Abstract: P. guilliermondii and C. laurentii were examined for its ability to control the bule mold, gray mold, and anthracnose disease on Red Fuji apples during storage. On Red Fuji apples fruits, effects of 1 x 108 CFU/mL concentration of two kinds of antagonist yeasts on postharvest diseases were observed. Scanning electron microscope was applied to observe the antagonism adsorption hyphae between yeast and pathogens in wound. In addition, the apples inoculated with P. guilliermondii and C. laurentii demonstrated changed in lignin polyphenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia enzyme (PAL) solution, and catalase (CAT) activities. The results showed that after treatment, two kinds of antagonist yeasts at 1 × 108 CFU/mL can effectively restrain the three kinds of diseases, but the C. laurentii had better inhibitory effect than P. guilliermondii(P≤ 0.05). Key words: Red Fuji apples; P. guilliermondii; C. laurentii 0 引言 我国拥有适宜的苹果生长环境，其产量位居世界第一位[1]，但是其在贮藏过程中容易受 到青霉病(P. expansum)、灰霉病(B. cinerea)、炭疽病(C. gloesporiodes)三大主要病害的侵染[2]， 造成重大经济损失。现阶段主要使用化学农药来进行防治，如仲丁胺、多菌灵、咪唑类等[3]， 目前为止仍没有大规模适用的生物农药问世。早在 1953 年 Gutter 发现枯草芽孢杆菌(B. subtilis)对柑橘采后贮藏病害具有抑菌效果，现在枯草芽孢杆菌已经被制成生物制剂。但因 其主要抑菌原理是自身产生抗生素，长久接触抗生素能降低人体免疫能力，人们急切寻找一 基金项目：博士点