常见类型X射线摄影所致受检者剂量评价.docVIP

  常见类型 X 射线摄影所致受检者剂量评价# 刘海宽，卓维海** （复旦大学放射医学研究所，上海 200032） 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 摘要：目的 研究常见类型医用诊断 X 射线摄影所致受检者入射体表剂量、器官剂量以及全 身有效剂量。方法 利用仿真人体模型，通过布放玻璃剂量计测量六种常见体位的 X 射线摄 影所致受检查的入射体表剂量和器官剂量，并结合相应的组织权重因子计算出各体位摄影所 致受检查的有效剂量。 结果 六种体位摄影所致受检者入射体表剂量、器官剂量和有效剂量 随摄影体位和方式而异，入射体表剂量均值在 0.258.64 mGy 之间、器官剂量的大小和分 布与摄影体位有关，有效剂量均值在 0.041.08 mSv 之间。 结论 不同体位摄影所致受检 者的剂量不同，受检者的有效剂量可以利用入射体表剂量与相应的剂量转换因子进行快速评 价。 关键词：入射体表剂量；仿真人体模；玻璃剂量计；器官剂量；有效剂量 中图分类号：R14 TL7 Dose evaluations for the examinees undergoing common types of diagnostic X-ray projections LIU Haikuan, ZHUO Weihai (Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032) Abstract: In this paper the entrance surface doses, organ doses and effective doses from common projections of diagnostic X-ray examinations were studied. Based on the in-phantom measurements, the entrance surface doses and organ doses were measured with the radiophotoluminescent glass dosemeters, and the effective doses were evaluated by combined the organ doses and the corresponding tissue weighting factors. Results showed that the entrance surface doses, organ doses and effective doses varied with the six kinds of projections, the mean entrance surface doses ranged from 0.25 to 8.64 mGy, the values and distributions of organ doses differed from different projections, the mean effective doses ranged from 0.04 to 1.08 mSv among the six projections. The doses for examinees undergoing different projections of diagnostic X-ray examinations are different, the effective doses could be fast estimated with the entrance surface doses and the conversion coefficients for different projections. Key words: Entrance suface dose; antropomorphic phantom; radiophotoluminescent glass dosemeters ; organ dose; effective dose 0 引言 随着医疗卫生事业和放射学的飞速发展，放射学的新技术、新设备不断涌现并广泛普及， 接受 X 射线诊断检查的受检者越来越多，这就必然导致全民集体剂量的持续增加。联合国 原子辐射效应科学委员会（UNSCEAR）和国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）均已指出，医疗照 射是全世界公众所受最大的，同时又是不断增加的人工电离辐射照射来源[ 1,2 ]。我国 1998 年 X 射线诊断检查总人次数就约达 2.45 亿人次，较之 20 世纪 80 年代中期增加了 50%以上 [3] 线诊断应用频率已高达 7