聚乳酸复合材料结晶性能的研究本科论文.doc

编号 本科生毕业设计（论文） 题目： 聚乳酸复合材料结晶性能的研究 化学与材料工程 学院 高分子材料与工程专业 学 号 学生姓名 指导教师 摘 要 本文采用成核剂VP101t、共混型立构复合聚乳酸(SC-PLA)和嵌段立构复合聚乳酸PDLA-PLLA-PDLA(DLD-PLA)作为成核剂，制备聚乳酸/VP101t、聚乳酸/SC-PLA和聚乳酸/DLD-PLA复合材料，考察了不同成核剂对复合材料结晶性能的影响．利用DSC和XRD对复合材料的结构和结晶性能进行研究．结果表明：三种物质都可提高PLA的结晶速率和结晶度；XRD结果表明，三种物质的加入没有改变PLA的晶型． 通过溶液挥发法制备了不同配比的PLA/CNT复合材料．采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了CNT在PLA中的微观形态，发现CNT在PLA基体中分散性较好，分别通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和万能试验机来研究CNT的加入对PLA的结晶、结晶结构及力学性能的影响．结果发现，CNT的加入提高了PLA的结晶速率、结晶度和力学性能． CNT在基体中的分散直接影响了PLA的性能，为了使CNT更好的分散在PLA基体中，通过溶液沉淀法制备了不同含量CNT的纳米复合材料．SEM及XRD的结果均表明，与溶液挥发法比较，溶液沉淀法可有效的抑制了CNT的团聚，达到较好地分散，并对其晶体结构、结晶性能及力学性能进行研究．结果发现，CNT的加入不但提高了PLA的结晶度，并且改变了结晶结构，促进PLA向α晶型转变．随着CNT含量的增加，PLA结晶度减小，但其热稳定性和力学性能却有较大的提高． 关键词：聚乳酸；纳米复合；结晶；成核剂；碳纳米管 ABSTRACT In this paper, polylactic acid (PLA) was modified by solution casting method using nucleating agents VP101t, stereocomplex (SC) PLA and triblock stereocomplex copolymer (DLD-PLA). The crystallization of the composites were studied by using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). It was shown that the crystallinity of the composites was improved, although crystal forms did not change. PLA/CNT nanocomposites with varied CNT percent were prepared via solution casting method for the first time in this work. The micro-morphology of PLA nanocomposites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The influence of CNT on the crystal structure, crystallinity and mechanical properties of PLA was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and tensile test, respectively. SEM observation indicated that CNT were dispersed in the PLA matrix very well. It was found that the presence of CNT had enhanced significantly the crystallinity and mechanical properties, but did not change the crystalline structure. The micro-morphology of CNT in the PLA matrix had strong effect on th