微型化 校本课程开发的深化之路.docVIP

微型化：校本课程开发的深化之路 曾文婕 摘　要：当下校本课程开发存在着维度缺失，对其进行反思和超越，生发出“微型课程开发”这一新趋势。微型课程开发是由教师针对任教班级学生具体学习需要，所进行的短时（从一节课到半天不等）班级性校本课程开发活动。从深化校本课程开发的立场观照，微型课程开发的主要价值有：破除教师对校本课程开发的畏难情绪，提升其开发能力；密切校本课程与国家课程的联系，凸显校本课程的意义；完善学校课程体系，增强校本课程的灵活性和针对性；优化学校特色建设，回归校本课程开发的本真追求。为推进微型课程开发，在观念层面应树立明确的开发意识，在行动层面需遵循规范的开发步骤，在制度层面当建立合理的开发交流与分享平台。 关键词：微型课程开发；校本课程开发；学生学习需要 Abstract: The major problem of School-based Curriculum Development (SBCD) at present is lack of the basic dimensionality. By reflection of this situation, the new trend “Minicourse Development” (MD) of SBCD comes into being. MD is the development of the class SBC in short duration, varying from a lesson to half day, which is developed to meet the learning needs of students by teacher in his/her class. In the perspective of improving SBCD, the major values of Minicourse have: (a) removing teachers’ fear of difficulties to SBCD and promoting their ability of SBCD, (b) strengthening the SBC’s ties with the National Curriculum and highlighting the significance of SBC, (c) perfecting the school curriculum system and strengthening the flexibility and pertinence of SBC, and (d) optimizing character of school and returning to the original pursuit of SBCD. In order to promote MD, we should build up clear awareness of MD at the idea level, follow canonical steps of MD at the practice level, and establish the platform favorable to exchange and share experience and results of MD at the systematic level. Key words: Minicourse Development, School-based Curriculum Development, learning needs of students 自2001年我国实行国家、地方和学校三级课程管理以来，校本课程开发蓬勃兴起，取得了一系列理论成果和实践成就。在这样的背景下，如何将校本课程开发引向纵深，就成为人们普遍关心的问题。本文拟从反思校本课程开发的现存问题入手，提出“微型课程开发”是超越已有问题的一条新思路，进而集中阐述微型课程开发的主要价值和推进策略。 一、校本课程开发的问题及超越 探索校本课程开发的深化之路，首先要对其现存问题进行反思，然后在此基础上寻找超越的路径。 （一）问题：校本课程开发维度缺失 当下校本课程开发一片繁荣，“京剧文化”“剪纸艺术”和“乒乓特色”等课程层出不穷。但其基本定位是开发在全校范围内铺开的课程，即“全校性”校本课程。如开发“乒乓特色”课程，就要求从一年级起每周开设乒乓课和相关课外活动，力求“人人爱打乒乓球、会打乒乓球”。在一定意义上，正是此思路与做法保证着校本课程不至沦为“时尚装饰”，而成为促进师生发展的“深层动力”。然而，在寻求校本课程开发深化之路的当下，我们必然对惯常的思路与做法进行反思。 从本质上说，“由学校