外文翻译--外商直接投资增加国内企业的生产力吗？基于后向关联溢出的研究.docVIP

外文原文 Does Foreign Direct Investment Increase the Productivity of Domestic Firms?In Search of Spillovers through Backward Linkages Introduction Following the advice of multilateral development agencies, policymakers in many developing and transition economies place attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) high on their agenda, expecting FDI inflows to bring new technologies, know-how and thus contribute to increasing productivity and competitiveness of domestic industries. Many countries go beyond national treatment of multinationals by offering foreign companies, through subsidies and tax holidays, more favorable conditions than those granted to domestic firms. As the economic rationale for this special treatment, policy makers cite positive externalities generated by FDI through productivity spillovers to domestic firms. The only trouble is that there is no proof that positive productivity externalities generated by foreign presence actually exist. As Dani Rodrik (1999) remarked, todays policy literature is filled with extravagant claims about positive spillovers from FDI but the evidence is sobering. And indeed the difficulties associated with disentangling different effects at play and data limitations have prevented researchers from providing conclusive evidence of positive externalities resulting from FDI. While recent firm-level studies have overcome many of the difficulties faced by the earlier literature, the message emerging from them is not very optimistic. The existing literature on this subject is of three kinds. First, there are case studies including descriptions pertaining to particular FDI projects or specific countries, which however rarely offer quantitative information and are not easily generalized (see for instance, Rhee and Belot, 1989; Moran 2001). Then there is a plethora of industry level studies, most of which show a positive correlation between foreign presence and sectoral productivity.2 Their downside is the difficulty in establishing