外文翻译--为什么中国竞争力测量和讲述中国的竞争力.docVIP

外文题目：Why is China so Competitive? Measuring and Explaining Chinas Competitiveness 出 处：World Economy; Feb2006, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p95-122, 28p 作 者：Adams, F. Gerard Gangnes, ByronShachmurove, Yochanan 1. Introduction In the past decade, the export performance of the Chinese economy has been phenomenal. The issue of Chinese competitiveness has expanded in scope from a regional question – ‘Why is China so competitive with respect to other East Asian exporters?’ – to a worldwide question – ‘Why are Chinese goods so competitive in the world market?’ Some observers have expressed concern about the growing centralisation of the world’s manufacturing production in East Asia, and particularly in China. At issue are the implications for manufacturing employment and wages in the United States, Europe and Japan, where a large fraction of Chinese exports is directed.There has also been worry about the deflationary implications of cheap Chinese exports on the advanced countries. In the United States, China’s exchange rate and its implications for competition have become a political issue as the US trade deficit with China has risen above $100 billion. In East Asia, China’s competitiveness is being seen as responsible for shifts in production and foreign investment that have impeded growth in other countries in the region. The present debate over Chinese competitiveness is reminiscent of 1980s worries about the American competitive losses to Japan. Yet, there are some important differences. In the 1980s, American concerns were of an increasingly wealthy Japanese economy that appeared poised to overtake the US as a leader in key technologies and in overall wealth and prestige. In the current situation, it is instead the multinational corporations of the United States,Japan and other economies who are shifting their own production into China either through foreign direct investment or outsourcing. The issues are less about technological supremacy than they are about the implic