怀疑论的逻辑发展及其限度.pdfVIP

论 文 摘 要 相信与怀疑是人们生活的基本态度，但现实生活中鲜有人去探寻怀疑态度的形 而上学理由。而西方哲学以其脱离实践的独特的理论品格对真理问题保持着持续的激 情，这使得哲学家们不遗余力地对人类的认识能力和知识范围等哲学问题进行着不懈地 研究；他们通过各种思想实验不断地从现实和理论上探索着知识的限度。而在这一过程 中，哲学家们对怀疑论的讨论则成为哲学史上一道独特的风景；本文所展现的就是这一 独特景致的历史变迁以及可能范围。 作者首先对怀疑论在古希腊产生的哲学背景进行了详细研究；进一步，作者对古 代怀疑论的内在逻辑以及哲学影响进行了梳理；第三，作者对近代怀疑论问题与古代怀 疑论之间的逻辑关系进行了研究；第四，本文梳理了康德和维特根斯坦对怀疑论问题的 回应，并在他们的回应中展示了怀疑论问题对作为整体的哲学发展所产生的影响；最后 作者分析了怀疑论的当代遗留问题并以之作为对怀疑论问题的完整论述和交代。 从以上的论述中，作者得出的结论是：传统认识论中的怀疑论已被维特根斯坦从 日常语言层面对确定性和怀疑论的分析中消解了；维特根斯坦在分析中展现了一种别样 的“实践怀疑论”，这种怀疑论因其坐落于人类生活的基本层面而成为人类的宿命。 关键词：本质、现象、怀疑论、逻辑发展、实践 5 ABSTRACT Certainty and doubt are basic attitudes in peoples’ daily- life, but in real life few people would like to explore the metaphysical grounds of doubt. And the western philosophy, with its unique theory character, made itself unrelated with practice and keep passion for truth, which makes the philosophers spare no effort to research the philosophical problems like the ability and scope of human cognition; they have been exploring the limits of knowledge constantly through a variety of thought experiments within the range of theory and practice. In this process, the discussion of skep ticism among philosophers has become a unique landscape of the history of philosophy; this paper shows the historical changes of the unique view and its possible boundary. The author first conducted a detailed study of the philosophical background of skepticism in ancient Greece; Further, the author have researched the internal logic and philosophy influence of ancient skepticism to modern skeptical problems; Third, the author studied the logical relationship between modern and ancient skepticism; This paper also reviews the responses to the skeptical problems of Kant and Wittgenstein,