角色差异对风险偏好和决策时间的影响.pdfVIP

摘要 本研究旨在探索人们在不同角色条件下，即为自己做决策与为朋友和为陌生 人做决策之间以及作为行动者做决策和作为观察者做决策之间的风险偏好和决 策时间的差异。 实验设置了风险概率/不同金额两个变量。探讨了在不同角色条件的风险偏好 差异在不同概率下的分布。 . 研究模拟了真实的决策情境，实验分为两阶段，决策前的任务和填写风险偏 好问卷。被试在不同条件下是否冒险，以及愿意冒险的最低值为因变量 实验结果表明： （1）为不同的对象做决策时人们会有特定的风险偏好，相 比为自己做决策，为朋友做决策会更保守，为陌生人做决策会更冒险。（2 ）不 同概率、不同期望值下，人们的风险偏好差异不同，为不同对象做决策的差异在 50%~70%的风险概率之间达到最大。（3 ）作为行动者做决策与作为观察者做决 策时的风险偏好差异不显著。（4 ）为不同对象做决策时人们的决策时间有差异， 为自己做决策花更少时间，为朋友和为陌生人做决策花更多时间。为朋友和为陌 生人决策的决策时间无差异。（5 ）作为行动者决策与作为观察者做决策时人们 的决策时间有差异。作为行动者所花时间更少，作为观察者所花时间更多。 关键词：决策者角色 风险偏好 自我-他人决策差异 行动-观察决策差异 决策时 间 i ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the effects of different decision makers roles on risk preferences and decision-making time. The experiment examined (1) whether people make decisions differently when deciding for themselves versus friends or strangers; (2) whether people make decisions differently when deciding as actors versus as observers. Furthermore, the discrepancy of risk preference under different risk probability was examined. The experiment simulated the real decision-making situations, which was divided into two phases—task-performing before the decision-making and complete the questionnaire of risk preferences. The independent variable is proportion of numbers whether subjects were willing to take risk and the least profit for risk-taking, which called risk preference index in this study. The results show that: (1) Risk preference discrepancy emerged when people make decision for different people, those who making decisions for friends are more risk-avoidance than those who making decisions for themselves, while subjects were willing to take more risks when making decisions for strangers rather than when making decisions