我国农民工养老保险制度的现状、困境和出路研究.pdfVIP

摘要 随着经济的发展，社会的进步，农民工的养老保险经历了被忽视、被漠视到 被重视的变化路径。但由于 目前农民工养老保险制度设计时存在一定缺陷，不符 合农民工低收入水平及流动性强的特征，实施过程中又遭遇各种障碍，养老保险 关系转移难，使得农民工不得不面临着只能参保却不能受惠的无奈境地，进一步 弱化了农民工的参保意愿。从全国来看，这一制度在实际运行中发展缓慢，主要 体现为“一低一高”现象：即农民工的社会养老保险参保率低、退保率高，陷入困 境之中。本文主要研究了农民工养老保险存在的问题及深层原因，并在此基础上 提出了解决现行农民工养老保险制度运行障碍的对策。通过研究，本文建议在给 予农民工平等的市民权利的基础上，方可进行真正适应农民工需要且符合社会保 障理念的制度设计。基于兼顾效率和公平的价值取向，着重针对现行制度运行中 的突出问题提出对策。针对农民工流动性强而社会保险统筹层次过低的情况，提 出建立可转移统筹基金的措施及不同养老保险制度模式的衔接方案；针对现行养 老保险制度缴费负担超出农民工承受能力的问题，及现行社会平均工资统计口径 脱离实际情况的现实，提出进行单独的农民工社会平均工资统计的措施；另外， 对农民工养老保险制度中涉及到的特殊工种问题、土地换保障问题提出一定建 议。 关键词：农民工 养老保险 转移 衔接 对策 I ABSTRACT As the development of economic and society, the pension insurance of Chinese Farmer-turned Workers has come through the path from neglect to recognition by the government. However, the current system of the pension insurance of Chinese Farmer-turned Workers has some disfigurement which doesn’t satisfy the peculiarity of Farmer-turned Workers, such as low- income, high- fluidity and so on, what ’s more, there’s too much obstruction during the operation, which make the transfer of the insurance between different areas difficult. As a result, most Farmer-turned Workers have to face the problem of unable to benefit from the system although they have paid the fee. The enthusiasm to the pension insurance of Farmer-turned Workers is weakened either. The operation of the system develops slowly, concretely, the rate of the people who join in the pension insurance is quite low while the rate of exit is too high. This paper mainly research on the problem and get to the bottom of it, and give suggestions to settle these problems. Via research, the paper suggest such opinions : first, a rational system of the pens