张文虎 _ 清代江南一个绅士的生活变迁.pdfVIP

张文虎 _ 清代江南一个绅士的生活变迁.pdf

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论 文 摘 要 张文虎是清代南汇地区著名的经学家和校勘家。本文通过他的文集及日记对 其生活空间的变化与心灵世界进行细致的考察。 张文虎一生坎坷,为谋生计,常年漂泊在外,期间更因时局纷乱而饱尝兵燹 之苦。虽如此,他对于日渐腐朽的清王朝还是一贯的忠诚,对王朝能够改变混乱 局势抱有非常大的期许。虽然失意于科举,他终以游幕经历入仕。他的身份转变 既缘于时局变化,也与他自身努力不无关系。这也在一定程度上可以说明清代社 会流动的某些特殊性。 张文虎是清代普通士绅的代表之一,生活于社会底层,有着渊博知识却尝尽 生活艰辛的文人,在王朝末期能够坚定忠君立场并用自己的方式为王朝巩固奉献 一生。这无疑也说明了在 19 世纪,因内忧外患而日渐衰弱的清王朝,依旧是主 流意识形态及话语权的掌控者。所谓地方绅权的高涨仅是中央为解决危机而暂且 “放权” 的结果。实际上地方士绅力量最强大的江南地区,在 19 世纪也未达到高 度自治的程度。相反,从张文虎这样一个普通文人绅士的政治立场、生活轨迹可 以说明受太平天国战乱打击后的清王朝,中央对地方的控制力并没有出现多大的 衰减,那种所谓国家权力下移或地方出现士绅掌控的自治形态,其实是不存在的。 [关键词]张文虎、生活空间、士绅、社会控制 ABSTRACT Zhang Wenhu was a famous emendator of NanHui during the late empire china . We can make a particular review of his lifespace and thought by the publication of his corpus and diary. During his life , he went through all kinds of hardship. He had to leave home to find a job in order to provide the whole family. However,though he encounter much suffering of the war, he still had much fealty for the Qing Dynasty. He believed that the dynasty would save the people all the time. He failed in the imperial examination, but he came into the government by his assistant experience and his effort. All this proved that the social fluxion was very special in late empire china . He lived very poor, but he was still loyalty to the government .This declared the reason why the decayable dynasty could maintain so much time after domestic rebellion and western’s aggression. This also absolutely illustrates that the dynasty was still the dominator of the main ideology and the social voice. The reason why the power of gentlemen rising in 19th century was only the result of the central government loosening the power in order to solve the crisis. Actually, in 19th centuary , Jiangnan district didn’t achieve to the high local autonomy. By contraries, the central government controlled

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