基于多特征联盟的无线传感网目标检测定位研究.docVIP

  基于多特征联盟的无线传感网目标检测定 位研究# *  5 10  （西安交通大学系统工程研究所） 摘要：无线传感网中，大量节点互相协作对潜在目标进行检测定位。节点间如何形成协作联盟，联盟内部、 联盟之间如何协作，如何在噪声和复杂背景下对目标进行检测定位，需要深入的研究。在考虑降低节点间 通信能耗、平衡节点任务与降低节点计算能耗的条件下，本文设计了一种扁平与分级共存的节点协同架构， 基于该架构，设定节点间协同关系；在协同架构的基础上，建立多特征动态联盟协作机制，以特征为导向 组建联盟；此外，拟将背景抑制思想引入无线传感网目标检测定位中，建立一种具有后验概率意义的分布 式定位算法，以减小环境噪声和复杂背景的影响，提高目标检测定位的准确性，并使其结果具有后验概率 意义的理论支持。 关键词：无线传感网、目标检测、联盟、后验概率 中图分类号：TP391 15 Multi-feature Alliance based Target Detection and Localization in Wireless Sensor Network LU Na (Systems Engineering Institute, Xian Jiaotong University) 20 25 30 35 40 Abstract: In wireless sensor network (WSN), multiple sensor nodes cooperate to detect the possible target. How to construct cooperative alliance among sensor nodes, and how the cooperation intra and inter alliance should be carried out, still need to be addressed. To reduce the communication cost between nodes, balance the workload and reduce the computation cost on each single node, a flat and hierchical combined nodes cooperation scheme is developed in this paper. Based on which, the cooperative relation between nodes is determined and a multi-feature dynamic alliance mechanism is designed, where the alliance formation is guided by features. In addition, the idea of background inhibition is introduced into the target detection in WSN, and a distributed target detection algorithm is developed which maximizes a posterior probability of the target position. The method reduces the influence from the environment noise and complicated background, improves the target detection accuracy, and provides theoretical support in term of maximum posterior probability. Key words: wireless sensor network; target detection; alliance; posterior probability 0 引言 近年来，随着无线通信技术以及电子器件制造技术的快速发展，为低成本低功耗的处理 器、射频单元、传感器等的制造和应用提供了基础，使得无线传感网的开发和广泛应用成为 可能，有关无线传感网的研究吸引了大量研究者的注意[1, 2]。无线传感网有着广泛的研究和 应用领域，包括军事领域、事故或自然灾害搜救、生态环境监测、智能楼宇、医疗监护等等 [3, 4] 重要的一个方面[5, 6]。然而，无线传感网的特点又决定了单个节点的感知、计算和通信能力 基金项目：教育部博士点基金（20100201120040）；国家自然科学基金；博士后科学基金 （201