产业集聚和转变的劳动生产率中国制造业实证研究外文原文.pdfVIP

Post-Communist Economies Vol. 21, No. 1, March 2009, 103–115 Industrial agglomeration and labour productivity in transition: an empirical study of Chinese manufacturing industries Can-fei He* and Sheng-jun Zhu College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China ( Received 6 March 2008; final version received 30 April 2008 ) China has experienced substantial spatial restructuring of manufacturing industries since the economic reforms. Chinese manufacturing industries reversed an early drop in industrial agglomeration and have been increasingly agglomerated since the early 1990s. Resource- intensive industries have been relatively dispersed while export-oriented industries have been progressively agglomerated. Industries driven by market and global forces are agglomerated while those favoured and protected by local governments are widely dispersed. Statistical analysis confirms a significant positive relationship between industrial agglomeration and labour productivity in China. This positive relationship was particularly prominent in liberalised and globalised industries in the 1980s and has been found in most industries since the 1990s. The empirical results imply that marketisation and globalisation have stimulated industrial agglomeration and thereby raised industrial competitiveness in China. The geographical clustering of manufacturing employment is pervasive in developed economies. Firms are not distributed uniformly in space, but rather agglomerate in some places and regions. There exist many examples of spatially clustered industries, including the often cited high-tech clusters in Silicon Valley and clusters of traditional industries such as those in the Third Italy, and the US carpet industry in Dalton (Devereux et al.