超级稻Ⅱ优航2号超高产栽培技术探讨.pdf

江西农业学报 2008，20(12)：17～19 ActaAgricuhuraeJiangxi 超级稻Ⅱ优航2号超高产栽培技术探讨 杨 东，游晴如，张水金，涂诗航，董瑞霞，黄庭旭 (福建省农业科学院水稻研究所，福建 福州 350018) 摘 要：通过设计基蘖肥与穗肥的不同施氮比例，对超级稻Ⅱ优航2号的超高产栽培技术进行 了分析研究，结果表明：(1) 超高产栽培水稻总颖花数的增加主要在于每穗粒数的增多，超高产栽培水稻产量的显著提高主要是库容量的显著扩大。(2) 超高产栽培水稻群体无效分蘖和无效叶面积少，群体源库协调。(3)超高产栽培水稻根系活力、光合能力在孕穗期、齐穗期均 高于普通高产栽培水稻，超高产栽培有利于水稻生育中后期有机物的积累。因此超级稻超高产栽培的主要技术途径是：(1)在 一 定穗数基础上，通过主攻大穗扩大库容；(2)培养健壮个体，减少无效分蘖，提高分蘖成穗率和粒叶比，协调源库关系；(3)提高 根系活力和净光合速率。 关键词：超级稻；Ⅱ优航2号；超高产栽培技术 中图分类号：$511．048 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001—8581(2008)12—0017—03 StudyonCultivationTechniquesforSuper—highYieldofSupe rRiceIIYouhang2 YANGDong，YOUQing—ru，ZHANGShui—jin，TUSki—hang，DONGRui—xia，HUANGring—XH (RiceResearchInstitute，Fujina AcademyofAgriculturalSciences，Fuzhou350018，China) Abstract：Throughdesigningthenitrogenratioofbasal—tillerfertilizertopaniclefertilizer，thecultivationtechniquesforsuper— l1ihgyieldofsuperrice1／Youhang2werestudied．Theresultsindicatedthat：(1)Insuper—l1i 一yieldingcultivation，theincreaseof totalspikeletsWaSmainlydependentontheincreaseofgrainsperspike，thesingificnatincreaseofyieldWasmainlyattributedtothe singificnatenlragementofthesinksize；(2)Ineffectivetillersandineffectiveleafraeaweredecreasdeunderthecultivationforsuper— l1ishyieldofrice，whichcontributedtothecoordinationbetweensink andsource；(3)Rootactivitynadphotosyntheticcapacityofrice atbootingandfullheadingstagesundersuper—hihg—yieldingcultivationweresingificnatlyhigherthnathoseundernormal—high— yieldingcultivation．Super—lli曲一yieldingcultivationwasbenefittotheaccumulationoforganicmatteratthemiddleandlaterrgowth stagesofrice．Sothemainapproachestorealizesuper—llighyieldofsuperriceweresummarizde asfollows：(1)Enlargingsink size throughincreasingthergainsperspikeonthebasisofstablingspikesperunitarea；(2)Coordinatingsource—sink relationshipthrough cultivatinghealthyandstrongindividual plants，decreasingineffectivetillers，nadi