生态位概念演变与展望.pdfVIP

1997, 16( 6)B46- 5 1 Chinese Jou nal of Ecology 张光明 谢寿昌 ( 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 昆明650223) Developement of Niche Concept and Its Perspectives : A Review. Zhang Guangming, Xie Shouchang ( X ishang baina Tr op ical Garden, Chinese A cademy of Sc iences, K unm ing 650223) . Chinese Jour nal of Ecology , 1997, 16( 6) : 46- 5 1. Niche theo y is impo tant both in theo etical and applied ecolog y, but a gene ally- accepted defini- tion has not been established yet . Du ing the past centu y , th ee ecologists have made g eat cont i- bution to development of the niche concept . G innell. s ( 1917, 1924 , 1928) / spat ial niche0 , Elton. s ( 1927) / functional niche0 and Hutchinson. s( 1957) / n - dimentional hy pe volume niche0 have been the majo categ o ies of the definition of niche. T he p esent pape eviewed the dev elopment of niche concept and analysed the p oblems that have confused and bothe ed ecologists fo almost 100 yea s. Finally , a new definition of the niche concept was p oposed. Niche can be desc ibed as the functional ole that a pa ticula species plays in all o a special stag e of a giv en species. invasion, col- onization, p opag atio n, development, decline, and ex tinction p ocess. . N iche t heo y can be applied to the conse vation of endange ed, th eatened and declining species in the 21st centu y. Key words: niche , niche concept , species functions, conse vation biolog y. , 1 90 , ( niche) [ 30] 2 , 70 , 1894 St ee e