电气工程及其自动化专业【毕业设计+文献综述+开题报告】异步电动机降压起动控制系统——控制电路设计.docVIP

（20_ _届） 本科毕业设计 异步电动机降压起动控制系统——控制电路设计 摘 要 大功率异步电动机由于其起动电流较大，起动时间也较长，因此如果直接起动，将会对电网产生冲击，使电网电压下降，影响电网其他设备的正常运行；甚至可能超过电网过电流保护整定值而使继电保护动作，造成电动机无法起动运行等现象。为此，大动率异步电动机一般需要采取降压起动措施，而晶闸管降压起动作为一种利用电力电子技术实现的降压起动方式，由于具有起动方式灵活、起动功能完善、参数易于调节等，已经被广泛地采用。 本文在分析异步电动机降压起动原理的基础上，设计了异步电动机降压起动控制系统。该系统以单片机为控制器，以改变双向晶闸管的导通角来改变启动电压。详细介绍了硬件设计，包括主电路、控制电路和辅助开关电路，介绍了控制系统的软件设计，包括主程序，中断服务子程序等的设计流程。 关键词：异步电动机，软起动器，单片机，晶闸管 The Step-down Voltage starting control system for asynchronous motor Abstract Because High-power asynchronous motor starting current is larger and longer in starting time, if the direct start, will be an impact on the grid, the grid voltage drop, affecting the normal operation of other equipment; and may even exceed the power grid over-current protection setting leaving the value of protective actions, resulting in phenomena such as the motor will not start running. To this end, a large move rates of asynchronous motors generally need to take measures to step-down start, but as a thyristor voltage starting using power electronics technology to achieve reduced voltage starting methods, because of its flexible starting, starting functional, easy to adjust parameters etc., have been widely adopted. This paper analyzes the principle of asynchronous motor step-down voltage starting, and design asynchronous motor step-down voltage starting control system. Single chip microcomputer as the controller of the system to change the two-way thyristor conduction angle to change the start voltage. Details of the hardware design, including the main circuit, control circuit and auxiliary switch circuit, described the control system software design, including the main program, interrupt service routine such as the design process. Keywords: asynchronous motor,softstar,single-chip microcomputer, thyristor 目录 摘 要 III Abstract IV 1 绪论 1 1.1课题的来源 1 1.2课题的意义 1 1.3国内外发展现状 2 1.3.1发达国家软起动技术现状 2 1.3.2 国内软起动行业现状 3 1.4课题研究的主要内容 3 2电机降压起动原理及控制方案研究 5 2.1异步电动机传统起动方式和原理 5 2.2降压起动特点 5 2.3降压起动起动方式 5 3主电路系统硬