《生物化学》英文试题.docVIP

《生物化学》英文试题 List five principles that are central to our current understanding of living organisms. Describe the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Identify the functional groups in the following molecules: Name four classes of small biomolecules. In what larger biomolecules are they found? Define the following terms: a. biochemistry; b. oxidation; c. reduction; d. active rransport; e. leaving group; f. elmination; g. isomerization; h. nucleophilic substitution; i. reducing agent; j. oxidizing agent List two functions for each of the following biomolecules. What are the roles of DNA and RNA? How do cells obtain energy from chemical bonds? How do plants dispose of waste products? List the five kingdoms of living organisms. How many examples from each kingdom can you name? Which organisms are prokaryotic? What are eukaryotic? In which kingdoms are multicellular organisms found? What is the difference between an unsaturated and a saturated hydrocarbon? It is often assumed that biochemical processes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are basically similar. Is this a safe assumption? What advantages do multicellular organisms have over unicellular organisms? Assign each of the following compounds to one of the major classes of biomolecule: Define the following terms: a. metabolism; b. nucleophile; c. cytoskeleton; d. lelctrophile; e. energy What are organelles? In general, what advantages do they provide to eukaryotes? Much of what is known about biochemical processes is a direct result of research using prokaryotic organisms. Most organisms, however, are eukaryotic. Can you suggest any reasons why so many research efforts have used prokaryotes? Why not use eukaryotes directly? What are the primary functions of metabolism? Give an example of each of the following reaction processes: Life on earth arose from nonliving molecules. Life is highly organized, and nonliving materials are disorganized. Is this seemingly spontaneous increase in orga