干旱区非完全覆盖的天然植被生态需水和生态缺水研究.pdfVIP

干旱区非完全覆盖的天然植被生态 需水与生态缺水研究 粟晓玲 郝博 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院 陕西杨凌 712100 摘 要:干旱区天然植被生态需水量计算的准确与否直接影响到区域生态用水与经济用水的合理配置。针对西北 干旱地区水资源短缺，降雨量少，植被退化，盖度降低等特点，采用联合国粮农组织(FAO)提出的适用于干 旱区生态恢复的受破坏的非完全覆盖的天然植被生态需水计算方法计算植被生态需水定额，扣除有效降雨，得到 生态缺水定额。以干旱区典型流域石羊河流域为例，获得了流域各行政区在丰、平、枯不同水文年型下不同类型 的植被生态需水和生态缺水定额。方法主要通过气象资料、植被盖度、土壤水分等资料计算获得，可以在生态耗 水试验资料缺乏的其他干旱地区推广应用。 关键词:植被生态需水；植被生态缺水；计算方法；干旱区；石羊河流域 主要通过土壤被湿润睁 f积状况 （看是否叶子烫 ：反推求得如。在植物！ b =kp蒯 +(O.05 干旱区非完全覆盖的天然植被生态需水与生态缺水研究 r姒 ¨17伏1Ⅸ硒，rH大研九1 覆盖度的均值，对计j 确的计算植被覆盖度． 被面积计算各行政区！ 有河岸带的非地带件j Studyonecologicalwaterrequirementfornaturalvegetation Underthenon— fullcoverageconditioninAridarea SuXiaoling Haobo CollegeofWaterResourceandArchitecturalEngineering; NorthwestAFUniversity,Shaanxi;Yangling712100 Abstract: Theaccuracycalculationofecologicalwaterrequirement(EWR)fornaturalvegetationinaridzonedirect lyaffectswaterresourcesrationalallocationbetweenecologicalandeconomicwateruse.Consideringthecharacters ofthewatershortage,littleprecipitation,degeneratingvegetationandlowcoverageinnorthwestaridareaofChina, anewmethodaboutEWRfornon-pristine、 non-fullcoverageandnaturalvegetationwasintroduced,whichis proposedbyFAO.ThemethodwasusedtocalculatethequotaofEWRforvegetation.Andthequotaofwater shortage(QWS)forvegetationwasobtainedafterdeductingtheeffectiveprecipitation.ShiyangRiverbasinis selectedasthestudyareatheoptimalEWRandQWSforvegetation,theminimumEWRandQWSforvegetationin differcultdistrictsinthreehydrologicyearsofdryyear,normalyearandwetyearswerecalculate.Thismethod mainlyneedsmetteorologicaldata,vegetationcoverage,andsoilmoistureconstant.Soitcanbeextendedtoother aridareaswhichlacksobtainedexperimentalEWRdata. Keywords: Ecologicalwaterrequirement(EWR)fornaturalvegetation;QuotaofWaterShortage(QWS)forveg etation;Calculationmethod;Aridarea;ShiyangRiverBasin