城市交通区域拥挤收费的研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 当今世界已经进入快速城市化阶段, 对交通的依赖程度日趋提高。改革开放以 来,随着经济的快速发展,我国城市获得了前所未有的发展。但是,一些城市所出现的 交通拥挤问题也是空前严重的。交通拥挤意味着“无谓的”福利损失和降低交通系 统经济效率。解决交通拥挤的传统办法是增加交通供给,即新建道路和扩建既有道路, 但实际证明,由于潜在交通需求的存在以及受到城市经济、地理等方面的制约,片面 增加交通供给往往是不现实和不经济的。 为了解决城市交通中的供求不平衡的矛盾,从供求两个方面来协调解决交通拥 挤问题是必然的选择。交通拥挤收费是一项重要的交通需求管理手段，在世界其它 一些国家城市采用后,能够促进交通资源的有效利用,提高交通效率。 本文从交通拥挤的经济学分析入手，通过对伦敦、新加坡城市交通拥挤收费改 革的典型案例进行比较研究，反思中国的交通现状、制度的变迁和缓解城市交通拥 挤问题已有方法,指出拥挤收费政策的有效性和合理性,进而通过对包括拥挤收费标 准的确定、拥挤收费的社会前提及拥挤收费收入的使用问题在内的分析,说明拥挤收 费在我国实施的关键问题，最后建立初步的城市拥挤收费的评价理论，提出了目标 纬度的多中心评价方法，以克服单指标方法的缺陷，通过对武汉的交通情况预测实 施交通拥挤收费政策后的效果，从经济学效用的观点对该政策实施进行了初步评价。 关键词 城市交通 城市交通拥挤收费 边际成本定价原理 绩效评估 I Abstract There has been already a rapidly cities of development in the world at present, relying on the traffic heighten. With the opening and reform and economic growth, our urban has been rapidly developed, but urban traffic congestion become more and more serious in China.traffic congestion means “useless” welfare of damage and reducing commercial efficiency in the traffic system. The traditional way to solve traffic congestion is increasing traffic furnish, which is a newly construction for road and expanding the original road, however, practicing proving, one-sided increasing traffic furnish is not reality and economical for the reasons which latent traffic needs exits and been restricted by urban economy and geography. To solve contradiction in traffic congestion imbalance relation between supply and demand, it is necessary select on supplying and demanding. Congestion pricing for urban traffic congestion is a important travel demand management, which has been proved to promote effectively utilizi