茶树钾镁营养特性与养分管理技术研究的回顾与展望.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(增刊1):256-266 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 茶树钾镁营养特性与养分管理技术研究的回顾与展望 阮建云 （中国农业科学院茶叶研究所/农业部茶叶化学工程重点实验室，杭州 310008 ） 摘要：该项目采用溶液培养、土壤盆栽和大田试验等多种试验体系，比较系统地研究了钾、镁和陪伴阴离子 氯在茶树氮素营养、游离氨基酸代谢和运输生理方面的作用，发现钾、镁营养供应促进茶树对氮的吸收，提高茶 树硝酸还原酶活性，镁还促进茶树游离氨基酸通过木质部和韧皮部的长距离运输；在室内可控条件下的试验发现 - 氯化钾显著降低游离氨基酸含量，提出了过量氯主要抑制茶树对氮（NO ）的还原利用以及影响茶氨酸从根部向地 3 上部运输和在新梢中进一步代谢的观点。本项目还研究了我国茶园土壤钾镁状况及其空间分布与变化特点，采取 多点多年和基本一致的试验方法，系统地评价钾、镁肥应用增加茶叶产量，提高茶叶品质，增强茶树抗病、抗旱 能力的效果，提出了钾、镁肥施用技术。研究结果表明包含钾、镁肥的平衡施肥是提高我国茶叶生产力的重要措 施。 关键词：茶叶；钾；镁；氯；氮素代谢；游离氨基酸；茶叶品质 Potassium and Magnesium Nutrition of Tea Plants and Management Technology RUAN Jian-yun (Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and The Key Laboratory of Tea Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008) Abstract: Hydroponic, potted soil and field experiments were carried out to investigate the functional physiology of potassium, magnesium nutrition and their accompanying anion chloride versus sulphate on nitrogen and free amino acid metabolism and transport in tea plants. The results showed that N uptake, nitrate reductase activity and the accumulation of free amino acid especially theanine of tea plants were improved by increasing the supply of K or Mg. The long distance transport of free amino acid via phloem and xylem was also promoted by Mg supply. Application of K fertilizer containing Cl was found to reduce free amino acid accumulation under controlled