紧实胁迫对不同类型土壤玉米根系时空分布及活力的影响.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2011,44( 10):2039-2050 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.10.009 紧实胁迫对不同类型土壤玉米根系时空分布及活力的影响 王 群，李潮海，李全忠，薛 帅 （河南农业大学农学院/农业部玉米区域技术创新中心，郑州 450002 ） 摘要：【目的】明确不同土壤类型玉米根系时空分布、根系活力、玉米产量及其对土壤紧实胁迫的响应。【方 法】采用微区桶栽，设计土壤类型和紧实度两因素试验，研究紧实胁迫下玉米根分布、活力及产量变化特征。【结 果】紧实胁迫下玉米根形态指标（根干重、根长度、根体积和根条数）及产量均呈下降趋势，3 类土壤上根形态 指标大小和产量高低均表现为：潮土砂姜黑土黄褐土；根吸收活力（根总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积和根脱氢酶 活性）及根系还原强度与根形态指标变化趋势一致，但比吸收表面、比活跃吸收表面随紧实度增加而增大。降低 紧实度促进了单株根系干重、长度、吸收活力和产量的增加，尤其促进了20—40 cm 土层根长密度和根干重密度 的增加，但单根的吸收能力呈下降趋势；3 类土壤上玉米根系生长、根活力和产量对紧实胁迫的响应以砂姜黑土 和黄褐土较为敏感。【结论】紧实胁迫严重限制了根系生长、分布和吸收功能以及产量形成，但根系并不是被动地 忍受逆境的胁迫，而是积极主动地调节其生理代谢过程，以减缓紧实胁迫伤害，但缓解能力有限，且不同类型土 壤上根系的响应程度与土壤本身理化性质密切相关。 关键词：紧实胁迫；土壤类型；根系分布；根系活力；玉米 Effect of Soil Compaction on Spatio-temporal Distribution and Activities in Maize Under Different Soil Types WANG Qun, LI Chao-hai, LI Quan-zhong, XUE Shuai (College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/Regional Center for New Technology Creation of Corn, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou 450002) Abstract: 【Objective 】The objective of this study was to identify the spatial and temporal responses of root distribution, root activities and yield in maize to soil compaction in different soils. 【Method 】A two-year, 2007-2008, barrel-culture experiment was conducted with three soil types and two levels of soil compaction on the Experimental Farm of Henan Agricultural University. The characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of roots, root activities and yield in maize were studied. 【Result 】The results showed that root morphological indexes and yield were restricted in the three selected soils under soil compaction stress. The