中国小麦的光温特性研究.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40 增刊1 :141-146 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 中国小麦的光温特性研究 1 1 1 2 曹广才 ，吴东兵 ，李希达 ，苗果园 1 2 （中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京 100081； 山西农业大学，太谷 030801 ） 摘要：1981～1985 和 1988～1990 年期间，用61 个小麦品种在全国经度、纬度、海拔不同的42 个试验点， 开展了小麦生态研究。研究的主要目的是揭示中国小麦的光温特性和诸多生态问题。研究建立了二层次九等级小 麦品种温光生态型分类体系。研究表明：低温不是冬小麦完成春化反应的唯一因素；强春性小麦品种的生育早期 无低温要求；小麦生育过程中不存在独立的“光照阶段”；小麦对日长的生态适应性相当强；在温光互作上有温光 叠加和温光互补效应。研究归纳了小麦主茎叶数的变化规律。从穗分化的角度明确了春化反应的完成标志。研究 还发现了一些重要的生态现象。 关键词：小麦；品种温光生态型；春化反应；日长；主茎叶数；穗分化 The Characteristics Influenced by Light and Temperature of Wheat in China 1 1 1 2 CAO Guang-cai , WU Dong-bing , LI Xi-da , MIAO Guo-yuan 1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081 ; 2 The Agricultural University of Shanxi, Taigu 030801 Abstract: The ecological characters of wheat in China were researched by using 61 cultivars in 42 test sites at different longitudes, latitudes and elevations through all the nation during the 1981-1985 and 1988-1990. The focus of the studied was the characteristic influenced by light and temperature of wheat and some more ecological identities.The cultivars influenced by light and temperature in wheat were classified as 2 levels including 9 grades. The results indicated that the low temperature is not only a factor for jarovization of winter wheat. The strong springness wheat species is not require low temperature during earlier stage. There is no so-called “the photophase independently” on the growing process. The wheat has a very strong ecological adaptability for long sunlight. There are superimpose and complementarity effects on the interaction between light and temperature. The leaf growth regularity of main caulis was induced in the study. The symbol of finishing jarovization has been definited according to the ear emergence in wheat. Some important ecological phenomena were discovered as well in the research. K