防沙明洞对风速影响的风洞模拟的分析.pdf

摘 要 目前国内外风洞实验研究主要是对挟沙风的研究，缺乏对模型比例以及观测点 布设的疏密程度的要求。本文借助中国科学院寒区旱区环境研究所宁夏沙坡头沙漠 实验站风洞采用多点观测以及不同模型相似比模型在 4 种指示风速下的风速特征 进行研究，研究结果表明： (1)风洞空洞中各观测点上风速廓线呈对数关系，布设模型后在模型前风速廓 线呈对数关系，而模型后不再呈对数关系。风速的增加幅度随指示风速的增加而增 大。 (2)风洞空洞以及在布设模型后，脉动风速和脉动强度随指示风速的增大而增 大。各观测点上风速脉动随高度的变化不明显，但仍存在最大值，最大值出现在近 床面层 3cm 以下。各高度层风速脉动及脉动强度随观测点位置的变化较大，最大值 出现在模型附近。 (3)在模型前对风速的影响程度依次为 20cm 模型10cm 模型30cm 模型，而模 型后对风速的影响程度依次为 10cm 模型20cm 模型30cm 模型。 (4)三种不同相似比模型在 4 种指示风速时所产生的静风区以，20cm 模型对风 速的影响最小。 关键词：防沙明洞；风洞实验；模型；风速廓线；风速脉动 Study on Wind Tunnel Simulation of Wind Effects to Opencut Tunnel of Sand Prevention Abstract At present, the study of wind tunnel mainly focuses on the study of sand-driving wind. There are no requirements of the model scale and the density of the observation points. With the help of wind tunnel of Sha Potou dessert experiment station of Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS in Ni Xia province, this paper studied the characteristic of wind speed in the wind tunnel cavity and opencut tunnel of sand prevention(10cm, 20cm, 30cm), the results shows that: (1) The wind profile of different observation points in the wind tunnel cavity shows a logarithmic relationship. After the model deployed, the wind profile didn’t show logarithmic relationship any more. The increase of wind speed is becoming larger with the increase of indicative wind speed. (2) In the wind cavity and opencut tunnel of sand prevention, the gust velocity and fluctuation intensity increases with increasing indicative speed. The wind speed fluctuation of different observation point shows no obvious change along with the height, but there is also a maximum 3 cm under the