培训课件--神经系统疾病).pptVIP

小脑胶质瘤 多形性胶质母细胞瘤 出血 镜下： 肿瘤细胞由分化不一的纤维型和原浆型星形细胞组成，瘤组织内有丰富的胶质纤维。 星形细胞瘤：纤维型、原浆型、肥胖型；Ⅰ-Ⅱ级 分化不良（间变型）星形细胞瘤：Ⅱ-Ⅲ级 多形性胶质母细胞瘤：Ⅲ-Ⅳ级 星形细胞瘤Ⅰ-Ⅱ 星形细胞瘤Ⅰ-Ⅱ 星形细胞瘤Ⅱ 肥胖型星形细胞瘤 星形细胞瘤Ⅱ-Ⅲ 星形细胞瘤Ⅱ-Ⅲ血管增生 20岁 好发于小脑 原始未分化细胞 小肿瘤细胞 胞浆少 菊形团 通过中枢系统转移 高度恶性 II. Medulloblastoma 髓母细胞瘤 来源: arachnoid cell 蛛网膜细胞 部位 : arachnoid granulation 蛛网膜 dura 硬脑膜 大体：solid, gritty 砂粒样 光镜：whorl-like pattern 漩涡状 psammoma砂粒体 Malignant: rare Meningioma 脑膜瘤 转移性肿瘤 可累及脑、脊髓，脑较多见； 原发瘤：最多为支气管肺癌，其次乳腺癌； 脑转移瘤部位：多位于皮质白质交界处。 N 9.3 Low grade astrocytoma. (a) An unusually well demarcated astrocytoma of the right frontal lobe extending into the interhemispherc fissure and compressing the medial aspect of the contralateral frontal lobe. (b) Fibrllary astrocytoma of low cellularity, showing small, round nuclei and absence of mitotic activity. (c) Protoplasmic astrocytoma with large, coalescing microcysts. (d) Gemistocytic astrocytoma with a predominance of large tumour cells with strong expression of GFAP and eccentric nuclei. Note the scanty, short cell processes. A 256 Medulloblastoma This densely cellular neoplasm usually consists of undifferentiated cells with round or ovoid nuclei and scanty cytoplasm lacking prominent cell processes. It does not have the glomerulli of the internal granular layer shown in cerebellum. It is a malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system in children and usually is not characterized by neuronal or glial differentiation. N 9.31 A C Medulloblastoma. (a) A large medulloblastoma occupying the fourth ventricle and compressing the cerebellar hemispheres and the medulla oblongata. (c) Numerous neuroblastic (Homer Wright) rosettes. A 120 Intraventricular seeding of medulloblastoma The ventricular system and the interpeduncular cistern are filled with tumor. This is a case of medulloblastoma of the cerebellum. A 20 Meningioma The left dural leaflet is reflected to the right to demonstrate a round, white nodule attached to