注意力问题的系统讨论.docVIP

心智与计算, Vol.4,No.3(2010), 文章编号：MC - 2010-03 收稿日期：2010-09-15 出版日期：20010-10-30 ? 2007 MC– 厦门大学信息科学与技术学院 注意力问题的系统讨论 程 洪 文 （钟祥市第三人民医院，湖北 钟祥 431900） Chenghwn@ 摘要：注意能力与特点是在先天遗传的基础上，经长期奖惩学习形成的，要讨论清楚注意力就必须从进化及长期学习的观点这两个方面来讨论。生存竞争要求:1)注意力中枢能相对强烈易化使自己思想、行为指向的某一事物、过程相关的神经通路；2）注意力资源有限，存在注意力的分配；3）注意力根据奖惩预期情况来分配与转换。根据功能与结构的关系，必然存在状态中枢、主注意目的中枢等。在上述基础上本文全面讨论了注意的产生、主注意对象的选择、持续发展以及学习与它们的关系等。最后根据各种实验现象对与注意的功能结构相对应的大脑结构进行了猜测，比如认为状态中枢可能就是海马相关中枢等。 关键词：注意力；奖惩预期；学习；生存竞争 中图分类号：B 84-069 文献标识码：A System Discussion of Attention Problems CHENG Hong-wen (The Third People’s Hospital of Zhongxiang City, Zhongxiang 431900, China) chenghwn@ Abstract: On the congenital genetic basis, attentions capacity and features are formed through a long-term study of rewards and punishments, to discussing clarity of the attention we must discussed from evolutionary and long-term learning. Struggle for existence need 1）The attention central can intensively facilitate the neural pathways that relation to make our thoughts and behaviors to a certain things and processes. 2） Attention resources are limited, there are attention assignment. 3）Attentions assignment and conversion according to expected reward and punishment. According to the relations of function and structure, there must have the state Central, the main central of attention goal, etc. On the basis of the above, this article fully discussed the producing of attention, the main attention selection, sustainable development and the learning with their relationships,etc. Finally, on the basis of various experimental phenomena I hypothesized that what brain structure corresponding with one functional structure, such as that the state central probably is the hippocampus related central. Key word: attention; expected reward and punishment; learning; struggle for existence 前 言 注意问题是智能的核心问题之一。注意理论有多种，如瓶颈理论、资源分配理论、注意自加工理论等，但都比较局限，不够系统，比如它们都没对注意的原因进行论述。 脑成像实验揭示注意力与大脑的结构与功能存在广泛而复杂的联系，这让我们难于明确大脑中与注意力相关的结构与功能，限制了我们对注意力的进一步探讨。如果，我们先确定注意力的功能，再确定它的功能结构，然后用功能结