呼吸防护四步骤__培训课件.pptVIP

“Luckily, our body counts on some natural protection to help us against most common dirt and dust that always is present in air.” “The hair we have in our nose helps to filter the large dust particles in air.” “Inside our pharynx and trachea there are also cilia, shaped similarly to eyelashes, but much smaller, that help expel other particles that get passed the nose hairs. These cilia are constantly moving, and forcing trapped particle up the respiratory tract (Speak and show the picture).” “Covering the cilia there is a mucus blanket or a liquid substance, that helps trap dusts. The cilia move the mucus blanket upward in the respiratory tract.” “Also there is a cough is a reflex which helps us propel out the inhaled particles.” “However, there are some contaminants that are too small, such as small fume particles and gases and vapors, that when breathed, pass by these defenses to reach the lungs.” 进入肺泡的粉尘会永久地停留在那里，它们会被肺泡内的巨噬细胞视为异物而吞掉，但由于粉尘的毒性，通常是所含的石英或其它物质的毒性，使巨噬细胞死亡，但会不断有其它巨噬细胞将它吞掉，并经过一系列反应，最后逐渐形成以粉尘为内核，包裹着无数死亡的巨噬细胞结节，就象洋葱一样。小结节还会合并为大结节，逐渐使肺泡萎缩，失去换气功能。即使人已经离开了粉尘作业，这个过程仍会继续，逐步发展，症状会在以后显现出来，可见其危害的隐秘性和、长远性和严重性。 上面是各种尘肺的肺脏切片图。 “The best method to reduce worker exposure to respiratory hazards is to eliminate or reduce the concentration of contaminants in the air.” “And how can we do this?” Wait for responses from the audience…recognize them, and keep your audience with you… “There are two key strategies: work on engineering controls and use effective protective equipment.” “One of the best strategies for worker protection is the application of engineering control measures.” “There are many ways engineer out the exposure to contaminants: local, area or general ventilation, opening windows , replacement or elimination of dangerous substances in the process, engineering changes to processes, enclosing or surrounding machines or building a booth for the worker.” Workers who have day to day knowledge about their jobs and the equipment they work with can sign