Energy and Its Forms WeeblyWeebly的能量及其形式.pptVIP

Energy and Its Forms 15.1 pg 446-452 Energy and Work Energy is the ability to do work Energy is transferred by a force moving an object through a distance Work is a transfer of energy When work is done on a n object, energy is transferred to that object Example of work and energy: Carrying your backpack up stairs Lift it -- AGAINST the force of gravity REQUIRES energy from your MUSCLES Muscles REQUIRE energy from FOOD Food REQURIES energy from plants and other animals. Kinetic Energy (KE) Is the energy of motion Depends on an objects velocity (speed) and mass The kinetic energy of any moving object depends upon its mass and speed Kinetic Energy (KE) = 1/2 m x v2 Where m = mass in kg and v = velocity in m/s Sample Problem for KE: A 0.1 kg bird is flying at a constant speed of 8 m/s. What is the bird’s kinetic energy? Given info: Mass = 0.1 kg Speed or v = 8 m/s Step 1: KE = 1/2 mv2 Step 2: KE = 1/2 (0.1 kg) (8 m/s)2 Step 3: KE = 3.2 kgm2/sec2 = 3.2 kgm/sec2 m And because kgm/sec2 is a Newton we can write… KE = 3.2 Nm And Nm is a Joule so finally…KE = 3.2 Joules Potential Energy (PE) Energy that is stored because of position or shape A stretched string on a guitar or a streched rubber band has potential energy (PE) Two types of PE: Gravitational Potential Energy Elastic Potential Energy Gravitational Potential Energy(GPE) Potential energy that depends upon an object’s height An objects GPE depends on its mass, its height, and acceleration due to gravity Increases when an object is raised to a higher level GPE or PE = mgh Where m is mass, g is gravity, and h is height Sample Problem for PE A 50 kg diver is at the top of a 10 meter high diving platform. What is the diver’s potential energy? Given info: Mass = 50 kg Height = 10 m Gravity = 9.8 m/sec2 Step 1: PE = mgh Step 2: PE = 50 kg (9.8m/sec2)(10m) Step 3: PE = 4900 kgm/sec2 m And because kgm/sec2 is a Newton we can write… PE = 4900 Nm And Nm is a Joule so finally…PE = 4900 Joules Ela