Engineering Computing I New Paltz工程计算我新帕尔茨.pptxVIP

Engineering Computing I Chapter 4 Functions and Program Structure Functions Spring 2011 2 Chapter 4 Functions break large computing tasks into smaller ones Functions enable programmers to build on what others have done instead of starting over from scratch. Appropriate functions hide details of operation from parts of the program that don’t need to know about them thus clarifying the whole, and easing the pain of making changes. C has been designed to make functions efficient and easy to use C programs generally consist of many small functions rather than a few big ones. Basics of Functions Spring 2011 Chapter 4 3 To begin with, let us design and write a program to print each line of its input that contains a particular ‘‘pattern’’ or string of characters. (This is a special case of the UNIX program grep.) For example, searching for the pattern of letters ‘‘ould’’ in the set of lines Ah Love! could you and I with Fate conspire To grasp this sorry Scheme of Things entire, Would not we shatter it to bits -- and then Re-mould it nearer to the Heart’s Desire! will produce the output Ah Love! could you and I with Fate conspire Would not we shatter it to bits -- and then Re-mould it nearer to the Heart’s Desire! Basics of Functions Spring 2011 Chapter 4 4 Basics of Functions Spring 2011 Chapter 4 5 Basics of Functions Spring 2011 Chapter 4 6 Function Definition Spring 2011 Chapter 4 7 Minimal Function Functions Returning Non-integers Spring 2011 Chapter 4 8 External Variables Spring 2011 Chapter 4 9 A C program consists of a set of external objects, which are either variables or functions. The adjective ‘‘external’’ is used in contrast to ‘‘internal’’, which describes the arguments and variables defined inside functions. External variables are defined outside of any function, and are thus potentially available to many functions. Functions themselves are always external, because C does not allow functions to be defined inside other