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Silicon back contact solar cell configuration A pathway towards higher efficiency.pdf

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Silicon back contact solar cell configuration A pathway towards higher efficiency.pdf

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 60 (2016) 1516–1532 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews journal homepage: /locate/rser Silicon back contact solar cell con?guration: A pathway towards higher ef?ciency M.K. Mat Desa a,b,n, S. Sapeai a, A.W. Azhari a,c, K. Sopian a, M.Y. Sulaiman a, N. Amin a, S.H. Zaidi a a Solar Energy Research Institute, National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia b School of Electrical Electronic Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia c School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia article info Article history: Received 11 August 2014 Received in revised form 3 January 2016 Accepted 2 March 2016 Available online 24 March 2016 Keywords: Silicon solar cells Screen-printed solar cells Nanostructures Emitter wrap-through Metal-warp through Laser drilling Interdigitated back-contact abstract The back-contact crystalline silicon solar cell represents an advanced con?guration in which interdigitated positive and negative contacts are placed on the rear surface. Highest conversion ef?ciency, elimination of shading losses, co-planarity of cell interconnections, and uniform black appearance, represent some of the most signi?cant features of this type of solar cell. However, the manufacturing process complexity leads to signi?cantly higher production cost making it dif?cult to compete with conventional mono and poly crystalline Si-based Photovoltaics industry. Over the years, an increasing number of researchers have reported on methods and processes aimed at reduction in manufacturing cost. This review paper attempt an extensive review of several categories of back-contact silicon solar cells, relevant design innovations, speci?c cost advantages especially in terms of using lower lifetime materials, their ef?ciency advantages in terms of geometry and wafer type, and their manufacturing technol