镉对不同基因型水稻生长毒害影响的比较研究.pdfVIP

／ — 三 (中国科学院长沙农业现代化研究所·长沙410125) f 提要 利用水培分剌添 【i镉试验．研究了杂交水稀和常规水稀在不同生育时期对环境镉毒害的反应。结果表明， f 。 在水稻蚰秘分化之前，镉主要降低光合生产力．影响植株生长；幺I】穗分化至抽秘期，主要抑制生j直器官分化．造I戍颧 花败育；抽罅垮l之后，镉主要干扰体内营养物质的迁移和再分配。就对产量影响而言．幼静分化至抽穗期是水稻对 镉厦应 敏感时期．杂交稻 比常规稻对镉污染毒害敏感 ， 越 亘 。／ ·影／ U ， 。 I Comparative Study oN Cd Phytotoxielty to Different Genes of Rice． Wang Kairong (Changsha Institute of Agricultural Modemi盟tion．The Chinese Academy of Sciences，CHANGSHA 410125)：Rural Eco-Envlronment．1996，12(3)：l8 — 23 AL~tracl A study on Cd phytotoxicity to hybrid rice and conventional rice ar diferent growth stages was conducted using water oa]tures The results showed that the principal toxic effects of Cd on rice before ear initiation were the reduction of the photosynthetic production， with as typical features： the hardening of roots． yelowed tear~， and emaciated vegetation In the stages from ear inldation to heading． the main phytotoxicity of cd was inhibition of the differentiation and deveIojlment of the reproductive organs which lead to luxuriandy tilering and sterility of caryopses After the heading stage．the main effects of Cd toxicity were that the transport and red istribution of nutrients in v0 were d~turbed Ty1)1eal feature~we the appearance of a large number of later tilers and poody mature rice The largest influence of Cd on rice nutrition appeared to be the reduction of the physlological availability of nut rien t e]ements(N，P，K)akv~rbed by rice plants，and the increased accumulation of the．~ e[ements in rice[eav~ and straws at the n僻 rang stage- As to the effect of rice yield(brown rice)，the most sen i stage for both rice genes to Cd toxicity was from ∞r initiation to heading．Hyhrid rice was mole sensitive than con ventional rice to cd pollution． Key words hybrid rice，~onventlonal rice．cd．phytotoxieity．w~ter culture 镉是生物迁移性强的重金属，对植物毒性 低．对动物和人的毒性高。主要通过食物链富集 危及人体健康。摄取过量镉可导致蛋白尿、氨 基酸尿和糖尿。影响钙和磷的吸收代谢，增加肾 和骨病变的危险性 ；镉可能还有致癌和致畸的 作用(吴沈春 82；野见山一村 1979)。因此， 关于农业环境镉污染研究，重点一直是土壤一 作物系统中镉的迁移富集特征及其对作物。尤 其是 孝fl