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Absence of Dwarf Galaxies at High Redshifts Evidence from a Galaxy Group
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Draft version February 2, 2008
Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 14/09/00
ABSENCE OF DWARF GALAXIES AT HIGH REDSHIFTS: EVIDENCE FROM A GALAXY
GROUP
William G. Mathews1, Laura Chomiuk1, Fabrizio Brighenti12, David A. Buote3
Draft version February 2, 2008
ABSTRACT
The galaxy group NGC 5044 consists of a luminous giant elliptical galaxy surrounded by a cluster
of ～ 160 low luminosity and dwarf galaxies, mostly of early type. The cumulative projected radial
distribution of dwarf galaxies in the NGC 5044 group, unlike distributions of more luminous galaxies
in rich clusters, does not follow a projected dark matter (NFW) profile. A deficiency or absence of low
luminosity galaxies is apparent in NGC 5044 within about 350 kpc. Most of the dwarf galaxies in NGC
5044 entered the virial radius at redshifts z ～ 2 ? 3(af/0.25), where af = 1/(1 + zf ) is the epoch of
group formation, and very few entered during redshifts z ～ 2 ? 3(af/0.25). The peculiar, non-NFW
shape of the projected cumulative dwarf galaxy distribution in NGC 5044 within 350 kpc resembles
the characteristic cumulative distribution of dark subhalos that are also known to be relatively young.
Dynamical friction is unlikely to explain the apparent lack of group member galaxies at small radii in
NGC 5044.
Subject headings: galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, CD – galaxies: dwarfs – clusters – groups –
feedback
1. introduction
The early evolution of dwarf galaxies is of interest be-
cause of the possible great antiquity of these galaxies and
because they lie near the lowest mass scale for hierarchi-
cal assembly in which low mass galaxies merge to form
normal galaxies of larger mass. Efforts to understand the
evolution of these faint galaxies have been frustrated be-
cause of the difficulty of direct observation at cosmolog-
ically relevant redshifts. Theoretical models of the for-
mation of dwarf galaxies are complicated by the po
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